Lamb and Beef Adult Working Breed Dry Food

Rendered Lamb, Dehydrated Lamb, Ovis Aries Meal, Processed Lamb Protein

Lamb meal is a concentrated protein ingredient derived from lamb, an animal source, by rendering and drying lamb meat and tissue. It provides a highly digestible source of essential amino acids, supporting muscle maintenance and overall health in pets. Unlike whole lamb, lamb meal is utilised in a processed, dehydrated form to optimise nutrient density and shelf stability in premium pet foods.

Lamb meal is included as a concentrated protein source that provides essential amino acids while allowing for consistent nutrient levels in formulation. Its use also enables manufacturers to market the product as containing a novel or premium animal protein, appealing to consumers seeking alternative or hypoallergenic options.

Rendered Beef, Dried Rendered Bovine Protein, Rendered Bovine Meal, Bovine Meal

Beef meal is a concentrated protein ingredient derived from rendered beef, an animal source. It is produced by cooking and drying beef tissues to remove most of the moisture and fat, resulting in a nutrient-dense powder. Beef meal is primarily included in pet food to provide high-quality protein and essential amino acids. It is not used in its natural form but as a processed, rendered meal for digestibility and nutrient consistency.

Beef meal is included as a concentrated protein source that provides essential amino acids while allowing for efficient nutrient delivery in a cost-effective manner. Its dehydrated form also optimises product stability and shelf life compared to fresh meat.

Mixed Marine Fish, Marine Fish Blend, Fish Spp., Marine Fish Spp.

Ocean fish refers to a variety of fish species sourced from marine environments. As an animal-derived ingredient, it is primarily included in pet food for its high-quality protein and essential omega-3 fatty acids, supporting muscle maintenance and skin and coat health. Ocean fish is used in its natural, whole form, ensuring pets receive the full nutritional benefits of the original source.

Ocean fish is included as a protein source to provide essential amino acids and omega-3 fatty acids, supporting nutritional balance and marketing appeal. Its presence can also enhance palatability, making the product more attractive to pets.

Oryza Sativa, Paddy, Oryza Sativa Grain, Oryza Spp.

Rice is a cereal grain derived from the seeds of the Oryza sativa plant, making it a plant-based ingredient. It serves primarily as a highly digestible source of carbohydrates, providing energy for pets. In pet food, rice is typically used in its natural, whole or milled form, rather than as a processed extract, to optimise digestibility and nutrient availability.

Rice is included as a cost-effective carbohydrate source that provides energy and helps create a desirable texture in pet food. It is also easily digestible, making it suitable for sensitive digestive systems and appealing for marketing as a familiar, label-friendly ingredient.

Southern Peas, Cowpeas, Vigna Unguiculata, Black-Eyed Peas

Field peas are a plant-derived legume commonly included in pet food formulations. Sourced from Pisum sativum, they provide a valuable source of plant protein, dietary fibre, and essential micronutrients. Their primary nutritional benefit is to support muscle maintenance and digestive health. Field peas are used in their natural, whole form, ensuring optimal nutrient retention and digestibility for pets.

Field peas are included as a cost-effective source of protein and carbohydrates, helping to optimise the nutritional profile while managing production costs. They also serve as a label-friendly, grain-free alternative that appeals to consumer preferences.

Poultry Fat, Gallus Gallus Domesticus Fat, Rendered Chicken Fat, Chicken Oil

Chicken fat is an animal-derived ingredient obtained from rendering chicken tissue. It serves primarily as a concentrated source of energy and essential fatty acids, supporting skin and coat health in pets. Chicken fat is used in its natural rendered form, not as a raw or unprocessed fat, ensuring palatability and digestibility while providing a stable, high-quality lipid source in pet food formulations.

Chicken fat is included as a highly digestible source of animal fat, providing essential fatty acids and enhancing the palatability of the product. It also contributes to the energy content of the food in a cost-effective manner.

Fish Powder, Fish Scrap Meal, Fish Protein Concentrate, Fish Solubles Meal

Fish meal is a high-protein ingredient derived from whole fish or fish trimmings, making it an animal-based product. It is primarily included in pet food to provide essential amino acids, omega-3 fatty acids, and vital minerals that support muscle development and skin health. Fish meal is not used in its natural whole form but is processed and dried to optimise digestibility and nutrient availability.

Fish meal is included as a concentrated protein source to support nutritional requirements in pet food formulations. It also provides essential fatty acids and can enhance palatability, making the product more appealing to pets.

Rendered Chicken, Chicken Protein Meal, Dehydrated Gallus Gallus Domesticus, Rendered Gallus Gallus Domesticus

Chicken meal is a concentrated protein ingredient derived from rendered, clean chicken flesh and skin, excluding feathers, heads, feet, and entrails. Sourced from animal origin, it serves as a highly digestible protein source, supporting muscle maintenance and overall health in pets. Chicken meal is not used in its natural whole form but is processed and dried to optimise nutrient density and shelf stability.

Chicken meal is included as a concentrated protein source that provides essential amino acids for pet health while allowing manufacturers to optimise protein content cost-effectively. Its low moisture content also contributes to improved product stability and shelf life.

Pisum Sativum Protein, Pea Isolate, Pea Protein Isolate, Pisum Sativum Isolate

Pea protein is a plant-derived ingredient extracted from yellow peas (Pisum sativum). It serves as a concentrated source of protein, supporting muscle maintenance and overall health in pets. Rather than using whole peas, pea protein is utilised in its isolated form to maximise protein content and digestibility. This functional ingredient is valued for its hypoallergenic properties and amino acid profile.

Pea protein is included as a cost-effective, plant-based protein source to boost overall protein content and support product labelling claims. It also serves as a functional ingredient to improve kibble texture and binding.

Hydrolysed Chicken Protein, Chicken Hydrolysate, Poultry Digest, Hydrolysed Poultry Protein

Chicken digest is a flavourful ingredient derived from the enzymatic hydrolysis of chicken tissues, making it an animal-origin product. Its primary purpose is to enhance palatability, encouraging pets to consume their food. Chicken digest is not used in its raw form; instead, it is processed into a liquid or powder to optimise flavour delivery and ensure safety and digestibility in pet food formulations.

Chicken digest is included as a palatability enhancer, providing a concentrated flavour that increases the appeal of the food to pets. It is also a cost-effective way to deliver animal protein and improve the product’s nutritional profile.

Rapeseed Oil, Brassica Napus Oil, Brassica Rapa Oil, E471 (when derived from canola)

Canola oil is a plant-derived oil extracted from the seeds of the canola plant (Brassica napus). It serves as a valuable source of energy and provides essential fatty acids, particularly omega-3 and omega-6, which support skin and coat health in pets. Canola oil is used in its refined, food-grade form to ensure safety, palatability, and optimal nutrient absorption.

Canola oil is included as a cost-effective source of fat and essential fatty acids, supporting energy density and skin and coat health in pet food formulations. It also contributes to product palatability and helps optimise texture.

Retinol, Retinyl Palmitate, Retinyl Acetate, E160a

Vitamin A is an essential fat-soluble nutrient derived from animal sources (as retinyl esters) or plant sources (as carotenoids). It supports vision, immune function, and skin health in pets. In pet food, Vitamin A is not used in its raw or natural state but is provided as stabilised compounds (such as retinyl acetate or retinyl palmitate) to ensure safety, stability, and optimal absorption.

Vitamin A is included as an essential nutrient to support vision, immune function, and overall health in pets, ensuring the product meets established nutritional standards. Its addition also allows manufacturers to optimise the nutritional profile and comply with regulatory labelling requirements.

Pyridoxine, Pyridoxol, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, E101a

Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin of synthetic or natural origin, commonly derived from plant or animal sources. It plays a crucial role in protein metabolism, red blood cell formation, and nervous system function. In pet food, Vitamin B6 is not used in its raw form but is typically included as a stable compound, such as pyridoxine hydrochloride, to optimise safety and bioavailability.

Vitamin B6 is included as an essential nutrient to support metabolic and neurological functions in pets, ensuring the product meets established nutritional standards. Its addition helps manufacturers achieve complete and balanced labelling claims required for commercial pet foods.

Cobalamin, Cyanocobalamin, Hydroxocobalamin, Methylcobalamin

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin of animal origin, essential for nerve function and red blood cell formation in pets. It is primarily included in pet food to support energy metabolism and overall vitality. Vitamin B12 is not used in its natural, raw form but is instead utilised as a specific compound, such as cyanocobalamin, to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption.

Vitamin B12 is included as an essential nutrient to support metabolic and neurological functions in pets, ensuring the product meets established nutritional standards. Its addition helps manufacturers achieve complete and balanced labelling claims.

Ascorbic Acid, L-Ascorbic Acid, E300, L-Threo-Hex-2-Enono-1,4-Lactone

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin of plant origin commonly included in pet food formulations. Its primary purpose is to support immune function and act as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from oxidative damage. Vitamin C is not used in its natural fruit form but is instead utilised as a synthesised compound to ensure stability and consistent dosage.

Vitamin C is included as an antioxidant to help preserve the freshness and stability of the product by slowing oxidation. It may also be added for its perceived health benefits, supporting marketing claims related to immune support.

Cholecalciferol, Colecalciferol, Calciol, E671

Vitamin D3, also known as cholecalciferol, is a fat-soluble vitamin of animal origin commonly derived from lanolin or fish oil. It plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, supporting healthy bone development in pets. Vitamin D3 is not used in its natural form but is instead utilised as a stabilised compound to ensure safety, efficacy, and optimal absorption in pet food formulations.

Vitamin D3 is included to ensure the finished product meets established nutritional requirements for canine health, supporting bone development and calcium regulation. Its addition allows manufacturers to guarantee consistent vitamin content regardless of natural variation in raw materials.

Tocopherol, Alpha-Tocopherol, E307, D-Alpha-Tocopherol

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin derived from plant sources such as vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. It functions primarily as an antioxidant, helping to protect cell membranes from oxidative damage and supporting immune health. In pet food, Vitamin E is not used in its natural raw form but is typically utilised as a stabilised compound, such as tocopherol acetate, to optimise safety and absorption.

Vitamin E is included as a natural antioxidant to help preserve the freshness and stability of fats and oils in the product, thereby extending shelf life. It also serves as a label-friendly nutrient that appeals to consumers seeking added health benefits for their pets.

Menadione, 2-Methyl-1,4-Naphthoquinone, K3, E325

Vitamin K3, also known as menadione, is a synthetic compound derived from chemical sources rather than natural plant or animal origins. It is primarily included in pet food to support normal blood clotting and bone health. Vitamin K3 is not used in its raw or elemental form; instead, it is utilised as a stable, bioavailable compound to optimise safety and absorption in pets.

Vitamin K3 is included as a cost-effective synthetic source of vitamin K to support blood clotting and overall health in pets. Its use allows manufacturers to ensure consistent nutrient levels while maintaining product affordability.

Vitamin B1, Aneurin, Thiamin, E101

Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin of plant origin, commonly sourced from grains and yeast. It plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and supports nervous system function in pets. Thiamine is not used in its raw or natural state but is typically utilised as thiamine mononitrate or thiamine hydrochloride to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption.

Thiamine is included as an essential vitamin to meet nutritional requirements and prevent deficiency-related health issues in pets. Its addition ensures compliance with regulatory standards for complete and balanced pet food formulations.

Vitamin B2, E101, Lactoflavin, 7,8-Dimethyl-10-Ribityl Isoalloxazine

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a water-soluble vitamin of synthetic origin commonly added to pet foods. It plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and supports healthy skin, eyes, and nervous system function. Riboflavin is not used in its natural form but is typically utilised as a synthesised compound to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption in pet diets.

Riboflavin is included as an essential vitamin to meet nutritional requirements and ensure regulatory compliance for complete and balanced pet food labelling. Its addition helps optimise the product’s nutrient profile without significantly impacting cost or palatability.

Nicotinic Acid, Vitamin B3, Pyridine-3-Carboxylic Acid, E375

Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin of synthetic or natural origin, commonly derived from plant or animal sources. It plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and supports healthy skin, nerves, and digestion in pets. Niacin is not used in its raw form but is typically included as a safe, bioavailable compound such as niacinamide or nicotinic acid.

Niacin is included as an essential B vitamin to meet nutritional requirements and support metabolic health in pets. Its addition ensures compliance with regulatory standards for complete and balanced pet food labelling.

D-Calcium Pantothenate, E315, Pantothenic Acid Calcium Salt, Calcium D-Pantothenate

Calcium pantothenate is a synthetic compound derived from pantothenic acid, a water-soluble B vitamin (vitamin B5) of plant or animal origin. It is primarily included in pet food to support energy metabolism and maintain healthy skin and coat. Rather than using pantothenic acid in its natural form, calcium pantothenate is utilised for its stability, safety, and enhanced bioavailability in pet nutrition.

Calcium pantothenate is included as a stable, bioavailable source of vitamin B5 to meet nutritional requirements and support labelling claims of complete and balanced nutrition. Its use ensures consistent vitamin content throughout the product’s shelf life.

Vitamin B7, Vitamin H, D-Biotin, Coenzyme R

Biotin is a water-soluble B-vitamin (vitamin B7) of synthetic origin, commonly included in pet foods to support healthy skin, coat, and metabolic function. Its primary benefit is aiding in the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Biotin is not used in its natural, free form but is instead utilised as a stable, bioavailable compound to optimise absorption and efficacy in pets.

Biotin is included as an essential vitamin to support skin, coat, and metabolic health in pets, fulfilling nutritional requirements for complete and balanced diets. Its addition also allows manufacturers to highlight the inclusion of key micronutrients on product labelling, appealing to health-conscious consumers.

Pteroylmonoglutamic Acid, Pteroylglutamic Acid, Vitamin B9, E920

Folic acid is a synthetic form of vitamin B9, originally derived from plant sources but produced for pet food as a stable, bioavailable compound. Its primary purpose is to support cell division, DNA synthesis, and overall growth in pets. Folic acid is not used in its natural state; instead, it is utilised as a manufactured supplement to optimise absorption and efficacy.

Folic acid is included as a synthetic vitamin to ensure nutritional adequacy and meet regulatory requirements for B-vitamin content in pet food. Its addition helps standardise nutrient levels across batches, supporting consistent product labelling and animal health.

E170, Elemental Calcium, Ca, Calcium Metal

Calcium is an essential mineral derived from natural sources such as limestone or marine shells. It plays a critical role in supporting healthy bone and teeth development, nerve transmission, and muscle function in pets. Calcium is not used in its raw or metallic state; instead, it is utilised in pet food as safe, bioavailable compounds like calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate to optimise absorption.

Calcium is included as an essential mineral to support bone development and maintenance in pets, ensuring nutritional adequacy according to regulatory standards. It may also serve as a functional additive to optimise product texture and stability.

E339, Orthophosphate, Inorganic Phosphate, Phosphate Ion

Phosphorus is an essential mineral element derived from both animal and plant sources. It plays a critical role in supporting healthy bone and tooth development, as well as energy metabolism in pets. In pet food, phosphorus is not used in its natural, raw or metallic state; instead, it is utilised as specific compounds, such as calcium phosphate, to ensure safety and optimal absorption.

Phosphorus is included as an essential mineral to support bone development and metabolic functions in pets. Its addition ensures nutritional adequacy and compliance with regulatory labelling standards for complete and balanced pet foods.

Kalium, E340, K, Atomic Number 19

Potassium is an essential mineral element sourced from the earth and is vital for maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle health in pets. In pet food, potassium is not used in its natural metallic state; instead, it is utilised as safe, bioavailable compounds such as potassium chloride or potassium sulphate to optimise absorption and support overall wellbeing.

Potassium is included as an essential mineral to support electrolyte balance and proper muscle and nerve function in pets. Its addition ensures nutritional adequacy and compliance with established pet food nutrient profiles.

Zn, E579, Zincum, CI 77947

Zinc is an essential trace mineral sourced from the earth and is vital for numerous biological functions in pets, including immune support and skin health. In pet food, zinc is not used in its natural metallic state; instead, it is utilised as a compound such as zinc sulphate or zinc chelate to optimise safety and absorption, ensuring pets receive its full nutritional benefit.

Zinc is included as an essential trace mineral to support immune function, skin health, and overall metabolic processes in pets. Its addition ensures nutritional adequacy and compliance with regulatory labelling standards for complete and balanced pet foods.

Ferrum, Fe, E1, Elemental Iron

Iron is an essential mineral sourced from both animal and plant origins, crucial for oxygen transport and energy metabolism in pets. Its primary benefit is supporting healthy red blood cell formation and preventing anaemia. Iron is not used in its natural, raw, or metallic state; instead, it is utilised in pet food as safe, bioavailable compounds such as iron sulphate or iron proteinate to optimise absorption.

Iron is included as an essential mineral to support healthy blood function and overall metabolism in pets. Its addition ensures the product meets nutritional requirements and regulatory standards for complete and balanced pet food.

Epsom Salt, Mg, Elemental Magnesium, Magnesium Metal

Magnesium is an essential mineral element sourced from the earth, commonly included in pet food formulations to support muscle function, nerve transmission, and bone health. It is not used in its natural metallic state; instead, magnesium is utilised as a safe, bioavailable compound such as magnesium sulphate or magnesium oxide to optimise absorption and ensure dietary adequacy for pets.

Magnesium is included as an essential mineral to support metabolic and neuromuscular functions in pets, fulfilling nutritional requirements for complete and balanced pet food. Its addition ensures compliance with regulatory standards and appeals to consumers seeking scientifically formulated diets.

Selen, E578, Atomic Number 34, Se

Selenium is an essential trace mineral sourced from the earth, typically derived from plant or yeast-based compounds for pet food use. It plays a crucial role in supporting antioxidant defences and thyroid function. Selenium is not used in its natural, raw metallic state; instead, it is utilised as a safe, bioavailable compound such as sodium selenite or selenomethionine to optimise absorption and efficacy.

Selenium is included as an essential trace mineral to meet nutritional requirements and support overall health in pets. Its addition ensures compliance with regulatory standards for complete and balanced pet food formulations.

Elemental I, E127, Iodum, CAS 7553-56-2

Iodine is an essential trace mineral sourced primarily from seaweed or mineral deposits. It plays a critical role in supporting healthy thyroid function and hormone production in pets. Iodine is not used in its natural elemental form due to safety and bioavailability concerns; instead, it is typically incorporated as a compound such as potassium iodide or calcium iodate to optimise absorption and efficacy.

Iodine is included as an essential trace mineral to support thyroid function and overall metabolic health in pets. Its addition ensures nutritional adequacy and compliance with regulatory labelling standards for complete and balanced pet foods.

Chondroitin Sulfate, Chondroitin Polysulphate, Chonsurid, Haliotis Spp. Chondroitin Sulphate

Chondroitin sulphate is a compound derived from animal cartilage, commonly sourced from bovine or marine origins. It is primarily included in pet food to support joint health by aiding cartilage structure and function. Chondroitin is not used in its natural raw state; instead, it is utilised as a purified sulphated glycosaminoglycan to optimise safety, stability, and absorption in companion animals.

Chondroitin sulphate is included as a functional ingredient to support joint health, appealing to consumers seeking products with perceived mobility benefits for their pets. Its presence also serves a marketing purpose by enhancing the product’s value proposition in the premium and senior pet food segments.

D-Glucosamine Monohydrochloride, Glucosamine HCl, 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Hydrochloride, Chitosamine Hydrochloride

Glucosamine hydrochloride is a compound derived from shellfish or produced synthetically, categorised as an amino sugar. It is primarily included in pet food to support joint health and maintain cartilage integrity. Glucosamine is not used in its natural raw form; instead, it is utilised as the hydrochloride salt to optimise stability, safety, and absorption in companion animals.

Glucosamine hydrochloride is included as a functional additive to support joint health claims, appealing to consumers seeking preventative or therapeutic benefits for their pets. Its presence enables manufacturers to market the product as beneficial for mobility and ageing pets, enhancing perceived value.

L-Methionine, 2-Amino-4-(Methylthio)butyric Acid, E620, L-2-Amino-4-(Methylthio)butyric Acid

Methionine is an essential amino acid derived from animal or plant sources, crucial for protein synthesis and overall metabolic health in pets. It primarily supports healthy skin, coat, and liver function. Methionine is not used in its raw elemental form; instead, it is incorporated as a specific compound, such as DL-methionine, to optimise safety, stability, and bioavailability in pet food formulations.

Methionine is included as an essential amino acid to support protein synthesis and overall health in pets, particularly when animal protein sources are limited or variable. It also serves as a cost-effective way to meet nutritional requirements and optimise the amino acid profile of the final product.

L-Lysine, 2,6-Diaminohexanoic Acid, E640, L-2,6-Diaminohexanoic Acid

Lysine is an essential amino acid derived from animal or plant protein sources. It plays a critical role in protein synthesis, supporting muscle development and immune function in pets. Lysine cannot be produced by the body and must be supplied through the diet. It is not used in its raw form but is typically included as a purified amino acid to optimise bioavailability and nutritional balance.

Lysine is included as an essential amino acid to ensure the pet food meets the complete nutritional requirements for dogs, supporting healthy growth and maintenance. Its addition allows manufacturers to optimise protein quality, especially when using plant-based or mixed protein sources.

L-Carnitine, Levocarnitine, Vitamin Bt, E306

Carnitine is a naturally occurring compound derived from animal sources, primarily meat and fish. It plays a crucial role in energy metabolism by transporting fatty acids into the mitochondria for cellular energy production. In pet food, carnitine is utilised in a synthesised, bioavailable form rather than its raw state, ensuring optimal absorption and safety for companion animals.

Carnitine is included as a functional ingredient to support fat metabolism and energy production, particularly in formulas targeting active or senior pets. Its addition allows manufacturers to market the product as supporting heart health and weight management.

L-Tryptophan, L-α-Aminoindole-3-Propionic Acid, 2-Amino-3-(Indol-3-yl)Propanoic Acid, EAA 10

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid derived from animal or plant protein sources. It plays a crucial role in pet nutrition by supporting protein synthesis and serving as a precursor for serotonin, which influences mood and behaviour. Tryptophan is not used in its isolated, natural form but is instead incorporated as a purified amino acid to optimise dietary balance and bioavailability in pet food formulations.

Tryptophan is included as an essential amino acid to support complete and balanced nutrition, meeting regulatory requirements for canine dietary adequacy. Its addition ensures the product can be marketed as providing all necessary amino acids for dogs’ health.

2-Aminoethanesulphonic Acid, L-Taurine, E107, 2-Aminoethane-1-Sulphonic Acid

Taurine is a naturally occurring amino sulfonic acid derived from animal sources, particularly meat and fish. It is added to pet food to support cardiovascular health, vision, and proper immune function, especially in cats who cannot synthesise it sufficiently. Taurine is not used in its raw form; instead, it is incorporated as a purified, synthesised compound to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption.

Taurine is included to ensure adequate levels of this essential amino acid, particularly in diets where animal protein content may be insufficient to meet canine or feline nutritional requirements. Its addition supports cardiovascular health and is often used to address consumer concerns about diet-associated heart issues.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid, C20:5n-3, All-Cis-5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Omega-3 Fatty Acid

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid derived primarily from marine animal sources such as fish oil. EPA is included in pet food formulations to support anti-inflammatory processes, cardiovascular health, and skin and coat condition. Rather than being used in its natural, free fatty acid form, EPA is typically incorporated as part of fish oil or marine lipid concentrates to optimise stability and absorption.

EPA is included as a source of omega-3 fatty acids to support skin, coat, and joint health in pets. Its presence also allows manufacturers to market the product as containing beneficial marine-sourced nutrients.

Docosahexaenoic Acid, C22:6 n-3, All-Cis-Docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-Hexaenoic Acid, Eicosapentaenoic Acid Family

DHA, or docosahexaenoic acid, is a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid derived primarily from marine sources such as fish oil or algae (animal or plant origin). It is included in pet food to support cognitive development, vision, and overall brain health. DHA is not used in its natural raw state but is incorporated as a purified oil or extract to optimise bioavailability and safety.

DHA is included as a functional ingredient to support cognitive development and visual acuity in pets, particularly in puppies and kittens. Its presence also allows manufacturers to market the product as supporting brain and eye health, appealing to health-conscious consumers.

Dried Sugar Beet Pulp, Sugar Beet Fibre, Beta Vulgaris Pulp, Sugar Beet Residue

Beet pulp is a fibrous by-product derived from sugar beet plants after sugar extraction. It serves as a valuable source of moderately fermentable fibre, supporting digestive health and stool quality in pets. Beet pulp is incorporated in its dried, processed form rather than as raw beet, ensuring optimal digestibility and nutrient availability for companion animals.

Beet pulp is included as a cost-effective source of dietary fibre to promote digestive health and stool quality in pets. It also serves as a bulk-adding agent, helping to optimise product texture and satiety.

Fish Liver Oil, Oleum Piscis, Oleum Jecoris, Oleum Piscarium

Fish oil is a nutrient-rich oil derived from the tissues of oily fish, making it an animal-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its high content of omega-3 fatty acids, which support skin, coat, and joint health. Fish oil is utilised in a purified, liquid form rather than as whole fish, ensuring optimal absorption and safety for pets.

Fish oil is included as a source of omega-3 fatty acids to support skin, coat, and joint health, enhancing the nutritional profile of the product. Its presence also serves as a marketing point, appealing to consumers seeking functional health benefits for their pets.

Flaxseed, Linum Usitatissimum, Flax, Flaxseed Oil

Linseed, also known as flaxseed, is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum). It is primarily included in pet food for its high content of omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fibre, supporting skin health and digestion. Linseed is used in its natural, whole or ground form to optimise nutrient availability and functional benefits.

Linseed is included as a source of omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fibre, supporting skin and coat health as well as digestive function. Its presence also allows manufacturers to market the product as containing plant-based nutrients and functional ingredients.

Dried Egg Solids, Spray Dried Egg, Dehydrated Egg, Powdered Egg, Gallus Gallus Domesticus

Dried egg product is an animal-derived ingredient made by dehydrating whole eggs, preserving their protein and nutrient content. It serves as a highly digestible source of essential amino acids, supporting muscle maintenance and overall health in pets. Rather than using fresh eggs, the ingredient is utilised in its dried form to enhance shelf life, stability, and ease of incorporation into pet food formulations.

Dried egg product is included as a highly digestible, animal-based protein source that supports essential amino acid requirements in pet food formulations. Its stable, powdered form also optimises shelf life and ease of handling during manufacturing.

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Baker’s Yeast, Nutritional Yeast, Torula Yeast

Brewers yeast is a deactivated fungus derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, typically sourced as a by-product of beer brewing. It is included in pet food primarily for its rich content of B vitamins, protein, and amino acids, supporting overall health and vitality. Brewers yeast is used in its natural, inactive form, ensuring safety and optimal nutrient availability for pets.

Brewers yeast is included as a cost-effective source of protein and B vitamins, supporting nutritional labelling claims. It may also enhance palatability, encouraging dogs to consume the product.

Cichorium Intybus, Chicory, Cichorium Intybus Root, Cichorium Intybus L.

Chicory root is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the root of the chicory plant (Cichorium intybus). It is primarily included in pet food for its high inulin content, a prebiotic fibre that supports digestive health and beneficial gut bacteria. Chicory root is used in its natural, dried, and ground form to optimise its functional benefits in pet nutrition.

Chicory root is included as a source of inulin, a prebiotic fibre that supports digestive health and can improve stool quality. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking functional health benefits in pet food.

Sodium Chloride, NaCl, Table Salt, E535

Salt is a mineral ingredient derived from the combination of sodium and chloride, typically sourced from natural deposits or seawater. It is primarily included in pet food to support electrolyte balance, nerve function, and hydration. Salt is not used in its raw mineral form but is utilised as sodium chloride, a purified compound, to ensure safety, palatability, and optimal absorption in pets.

Salt is included as a palatability enhancer to improve taste and encourage consumption, and also functions as a preservative to help extend product shelf life. Its use allows manufacturers to optimise flavour while maintaining product stability.

Lactobacillus Sporogenes, Probiotic Bacillus, GanedenBC30, BC30

Bacillus coagulans is a beneficial probiotic bacterium of microbial origin, commonly included in pet foods to support digestive health and promote a balanced gut microbiome. Its primary function is to aid in nutrient absorption and maintain gastrointestinal wellbeing. Bacillus coagulans is not used in its natural environmental form; instead, it is incorporated as a stabilised, spore-forming culture to ensure safety and efficacy.

Bacillus coagulans is included as a probiotic to support digestive health and optimise gut flora balance in pets. Its addition also serves as a marketing differentiator, appealing to consumers seeking functional and health-promoting ingredients.

Tocopherol, Mixed Tocopherols, E306, Rosemary Extract

Natural antioxidant refers to a substance, typically derived from plant sources, that helps protect pet food from oxidative damage and spoilage. Its primary function is to preserve freshness and extend shelf life by inhibiting the oxidation of fats and oils. In pet food, natural antioxidants are used in their natural form, ensuring safety and effective absorption without the need for chemical modification.

Natural antioxidants are included to help preserve the freshness and stability of pet food by slowing the oxidation of fats and oils, thereby extending shelf life. They also serve as a label-friendly alternative to synthetic preservatives, appealing to consumers seeking more natural ingredients.

Dromaius Novaehollandiae Oil, Emu Fat Oil, Emu Adipose Oil, Dromaius Oil

Emu oil is a natural fat derived from the rendered adipose tissue of the emu, a native Australian bird. Sourced from animal origin, it is primarily included in pet food for its rich content of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, supporting skin and coat health. Emu oil is used in its natural, refined form to optimise bioavailability and nutritional benefit.

Emu oil is included as a source of omega fatty acids to support skin and coat health, providing a functional benefit that can be highlighted in marketing. Its presence allows manufacturers to differentiate their product with a novel animal-derived ingredient appealing to consumers seeking unique or premium formulations.

Daucus Carota, Daucus Carota Root, Daucus Carota Sativa, Wild Carrot

Carrot is a root vegetable of plant origin, widely recognised for its vibrant orange colour and natural sweetness. In pet food, carrot is included in its natural, whole form to provide dietary fibre, beta-carotene (a precursor to vitamin A), and antioxidants. Its primary benefit is supporting digestive health and immune function, while also contributing to overall palatability and nutritional diversity.

Carrot is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to consumers seeking recognisable, natural components and to enhance the product’s perceived nutritional value. It may also provide a modest source of fibre and vitamins, supporting marketing claims of added health benefits.

Yucca Schidigera Extract, Yucca Spp. Extract, Yucca Mohave Extract, Cassava Extract

Yucca extract is derived from the Yucca schidigera plant, a perennial native to arid regions of North America. Primarily included in pet food for its natural saponins, yucca extract helps reduce stool odour and supports digestive health. It is utilised in a processed extract form rather than as the whole plant, ensuring consistent potency and safety for animal consumption.

Yucca extract is included as a natural deodorising agent to reduce stool and urine odour, enhancing the perceived cleanliness of the pet and its environment. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking natural additives.

Dehydrated Tomato, Solanum Lycopersicum Powder, Spray-Dried Tomato, Dried Tomato Powder

Tomato powder is a dehydrated form of tomatoes, a plant-based ingredient derived from ripe, whole tomatoes. It is primarily included in pet food for its natural source of antioxidants, such as lycopene, as well as vitamins and minerals that support overall health. Tomato powder is used in its natural, powdered form, allowing for easy incorporation and consistent nutrient delivery in pet food formulations.

Tomato powder is included as a natural source of vitamins and antioxidants, enhancing the nutritional profile for marketing appeal. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that can improve colour and palatability without significantly increasing production costs.

Vaccinium Corymbosum, Vaccinium Angustifolium, Bilberry, E163

Blueberry is a small, nutrient-rich fruit of plant origin, commonly sourced from the Vaccinium genus. It is included in pet food primarily for its antioxidant properties, supporting immune health and cellular protection. Blueberry is used in its natural, whole form, ensuring pets benefit from its full spectrum of vitamins, fibre, and phytonutrients as found in fresh fruit.

Blueberry is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers, leveraging its reputation as a source of antioxidants. Its presence supports marketing claims of added nutritional benefits, though it is typically used in small quantities with minimal impact on the overall nutritional profile for pets.

Vaccinium Macrocarpon, American Cranberry, Large Cranberry, Bearberry

Cranberry is a small, red berry derived from the Vaccinium macrocarpon plant, making it a plant-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its antioxidant properties and potential support of urinary tract health. Cranberry is used in its natural, whole form, ensuring pets benefit from its full spectrum of phytonutrients, vitamins, and dietary fibre.

Cranberry is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers and enhance product marketability. It may also serve as a natural source of antioxidants, supporting the product’s functional claims.

Taraxacum Officinale, Taraxaci Herba, Taraxaci Radix, Lion's Tooth

Dandelion is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the leaves and roots of the Taraxacum officinale plant. It is primarily included in pet food for its natural prebiotic fibre content, which supports digestive health and beneficial gut bacteria. Dandelion is used in its natural, whole form, ensuring pets receive its full spectrum of nutrients and bioactive compounds.

Dandelion is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers, as it is associated with natural and holistic pet nutrition. It may also serve as a source of fibre and micronutrients, though its functional impact on the pet food is typically minimal.

Mentha × Piperita, Mentha Piperita, Peppermint Oil, Mentha × Piperita Oil

Peppermint is a plant-derived herb from the Mentha genus, valued for its aromatic leaves. In pet food, peppermint is primarily included to support digestive health and freshen breath. It is used in its natural form, with dried or ground leaves incorporated directly into formulations. This natural inclusion ensures pets benefit from its essential oils and phytonutrients without synthetic additives.

Peppermint is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to pet owners seeking natural or holistic components, and may also be intended to impart a fresh aroma to the product. Its functional impact on pets is minimal at typical inclusion rates.

Laminaria Spp., Macrocystis Pyrifera, Ascophyllum Nodosum, Brown Seaweed

Kelp is a type of large, edible seaweed sourced from marine environments and classified as a plant-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its rich supply of natural iodine, which supports healthy thyroid function. Kelp is used in its dried, ground natural form, allowing pets to benefit from its trace minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants in a bioavailable manner.

Kelp is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers and enhance product marketing, as it is associated with natural sources of vitamins and minerals. It may also serve as a trace mineral supplement to support nutritional completeness in pet food formulations.

Spinacia Oleracea, English Spinach, Common Spinach, Garden Spinach

Spinach is a leafy green vegetable of plant origin, valued for its rich content of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. In pet food, spinach primarily provides dietary fibre, iron, and phytonutrients that support overall health and immune function. Spinach is included in its natural form, ensuring pets benefit from its full nutritional profile without synthetic alteration or processing into extracts.

Spinach is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers and enhance the perceived nutritional value of the product. It may also provide a modest source of vitamins and minerals, supporting marketing claims of added health benefits.

Rosmarinus Officinalis, Salvia Rosmarinus, E392, Rosemary Extract

Rosemary is a fragrant herb derived from the leaves of the Rosmarinus officinalis plant. It is included in pet food primarily for its natural antioxidant properties, which help preserve freshness and support overall health. Rosemary is used in its natural form, typically as a dried extract or powder, ensuring the retention of its beneficial compounds while remaining safe and effective for pets.

Rosemary is included as a natural preservative to help extend shelf life by inhibiting oxidation of fats and oils. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking natural additives.