Australian Kangaroo Flavour Biscuit Dog Treats

Wholemeal Wheat, Whole Wheat, Triticum Aestivum, Wholegrain Wheat

Stoneground wheat is a cereal grain derived from the whole wheat kernel, milled using traditional stone grinding methods. As a plant-based ingredient, it retains the bran, germ, and endosperm, providing dietary fibre, protein, and essential micronutrients. Stoneground wheat is used in its natural, whole food form, contributing to digestive health and sustained energy release in pet food formulations.

Stoneground wheat is included as a cost-effective carbohydrate source that provides bulk and energy to pet food formulations. Its use also appeals to consumers seeking less-processed, label-friendly ingredients.

Macropus Spp., Kangaroo Meat, Kangaroo Muscle, Macropod Meat

Kangaroo is a novel animal protein sourced from wild Australian kangaroos. It is prized for its lean, highly digestible meat, offering a rich source of essential amino acids, iron, and B vitamins. Kangaroo is primarily included in pet food to support muscle maintenance and overall vitality. This ingredient is used in its natural, whole food form, ensuring optimal nutrient availability and palatability.

Kangaroo is included as a novel, high-protein meat source that appeals to consumers seeking hypoallergenic or limited-ingredient diets for their pets. Its use also serves as a marketing differentiator, positioning the product as premium and suitable for pets with common protein sensitivities.

Groundnut Paste, Arachis Hypogaea Paste, Nut Paste, Groundnut Butter

Peanut butter is a plant-derived spread made from ground, roasted peanuts. Sourced from legumes, it is included in pet food primarily for its palatability, healthy fats, and protein content. Peanut butter is used in its natural form, though often without added salt or sugar, to provide energy and support skin and coat health while enhancing flavour and texture in pet diets.

Peanut butter is included as a palatability enhancer to improve taste and encourage consumption, particularly in treats and specialty products. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to pet owners seeking familiar, human-grade components.

Sucrose, Saccharose, E955, Beta-D-Fructofuranosyl Alpha-D-Glucopyranoside

Sugar is a simple carbohydrate derived primarily from plant sources such as sugar cane or sugar beet. It serves as a readily available energy source, supporting metabolic processes and palatability in pet foods. Sugar is incorporated in its natural, refined form rather than as a raw plant material, ensuring consistency and digestibility for pets while enhancing the taste of the final product.

Sugar is included as a cost-effective palatability enhancer to improve taste and encourage consumption. It may also serve as a minor preservative to help stabilise certain formulations.

Flaxseed, Linum Usitatissimum, Flax, Flaxseed Oil

Linseed, also known as flaxseed, is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum). It is primarily included in pet food for its high content of omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fibre, supporting skin health and digestion. Linseed is used in its natural, whole or ground form to optimise nutrient availability and functional benefits.

Linseed is included as a source of omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fibre, supporting skin and coat health as well as digestive function. Its presence also allows manufacturers to market the product as containing plant-based nutrients and functional ingredients.

Dried Egg, Spray-Dried Egg, Powdered Egg, Ovum Pulveratum

Egg powder is a dehydrated animal-derived ingredient made from whole eggs, typically sourced from hens. It serves as a high-quality protein source, providing essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals to support muscle maintenance and overall health in pets. Egg powder is used in its processed, powdered form rather than as fresh eggs, ensuring stability, safety, and ease of incorporation into pet food formulations.

Egg powder is included as a highly digestible, nutrient-dense protein source that supports essential amino acid requirements in pet food. Its stable, dehydrated form also optimises shelf life and ease of manufacturing compared to fresh eggs.

Apple Pulp, Malus Domestica Puree, Malus Domestica Pulp, Puréed Apple

Apple puree is a plant-derived ingredient made by cooking and blending apples into a smooth consistency. It is primarily included in pet food as a source of dietary fibre, natural sugars, and beneficial phytonutrients, supporting digestive health and palatability. Apple puree is used in its natural form, ensuring the retention of its nutritional value and natural antioxidants for optimal pet wellbeing.

Apple puree is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to consumers seeking recognisable, natural components, and it also provides a source of fibre and natural sweetness to enhance palatability. Its inclusion may support marketing claims related to fruit content and overall product quality.

Sodium Chloride, NaCl, Table Salt, E535

Salt is a mineral ingredient derived from the combination of sodium and chloride, typically sourced from natural deposits or seawater. It is primarily included in pet food to support electrolyte balance, nerve function, and hydration. Salt is not used in its raw mineral form but is utilised as sodium chloride, a purified compound, to ensure safety, palatability, and optimal absorption in pets.

Salt is included as a palatability enhancer to improve taste and encourage consumption, and also functions as a preservative to help extend product shelf life. Its use allows manufacturers to optimise flavour while maintaining product stability.

Poultry Oil, Gallus Gallus Domesticus Oil, Rendered Chicken Fat, Chicken Fat

Chicken oil is a fat derived from the tissue of chickens, making it an animal-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food as a concentrated source of energy and to enhance palatability. Chicken oil is used in its refined form, not as a raw fat, to ensure safety, stability, and optimal absorption of essential fatty acids for pets’ health.

Chicken oil is included as a highly digestible animal fat source to enhance palatability and provide concentrated energy. It also contributes essential fatty acids that support skin and coat health, aligning with consumer expectations for animal-based ingredients.

2-Amino-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose, D-Glucosamine, Chitosamine, 2-Amino-2-Deoxyglucose

Glucosamine is an amino sugar compound typically derived from shellfish or produced synthetically. It is included in pet food primarily to support joint health by aiding cartilage maintenance and repair. Glucosamine is not used in its natural raw form; instead, it is utilised as a stabilised compound, such as glucosamine hydrochloride or glucosamine sulphate, to optimise safety, stability, and absorption in pets.

Glucosamine is included as a functional additive to support joint health and mobility, particularly in senior or large-breed pets. Its presence also serves as a marketing feature, appealing to consumers seeking products with perceived health benefits for their pets.

2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-Tricarboxylic Acid, E330, 3-Carboxy-3-Hydroxypentanedioic Acid, Monohydrate Citric Acid

Citric acid is an organic compound derived primarily from citrus fruits, though it is commonly produced via fermentation for commercial use. Its main purpose in pet food is as a natural preservative and acidity regulator, helping to maintain freshness and inhibit spoilage. Citric acid is not used in its raw, crystalline form but is incorporated as a purified, food-grade compound to ensure safety and efficacy.

Citric acid is included as a preservative to enhance product stability and extend shelf life by inhibiting microbial growth. It may also be used to adjust acidity, optimising flavour and maintaining the quality of the final product.

Distilled Vinegar, Spirit Vinegar, Grain Vinegar, Acetic Acid Solution

White distilled vinegar is a liquid derived from the fermentation of grain-based ethanol, making it a plant-origin ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food as a natural preservative and to help regulate pH levels, supporting food safety and shelf life. White distilled vinegar is used in its natural, diluted liquid form, not as concentrated acetic acid, ensuring safe and effective application.

White distilled vinegar is included as a natural preservative to help inhibit the growth of bacteria and mould, thereby extending product shelf life. It may also be used to adjust pH levels, supporting food safety and stability.

Tocopherol, Mixed Tocopherols, E306, Rosemary Extract

Natural antioxidant refers to a substance, typically derived from plant sources, that helps protect pet food from oxidative damage and spoilage. Its primary function is to preserve freshness and extend shelf life by inhibiting the oxidation of fats and oils. In pet food, natural antioxidants are used in their natural form, ensuring safety and effective absorption without the need for chemical modification.

Natural antioxidants are included to help preserve the freshness and stability of pet food by slowing the oxidation of fats and oils, thereby extending shelf life. They also serve as a label-friendly alternative to synthetic preservatives, appealing to consumers seeking more natural ingredients.

Rosmarinus Officinalis Extract, E392, Rosemary Oleoresin, Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract

Rosemary extract is a plant-derived ingredient obtained from the leaves of the rosemary herb (Rosmarinus officinalis). It is primarily included in pet food as a natural antioxidant, helping to preserve fats and oils and extend shelf life. Rosemary extract is used in its natural form, ensuring the retention of its beneficial compounds without chemical alteration.

Rosemary extract is included as a natural preservative to help extend shelf life by inhibiting oxidation of fats and oils. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking natural additives.