Singles Duck and Pear Recipe Dry Dog Food

Anas Spp., Waterfowl, Wildfowl, Canard

Duck is a high-quality animal protein sourced from domesticated or wild waterfowl. It provides essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals that support muscle development and overall health in pets. Duck is primarily included for its rich protein content and palatability. In pet food, duck is used in its natural, whole form, ensuring optimal nutrient availability and digestibility for companion animals.

Duck is included as a novel animal protein source to provide essential amino acids and support marketing claims for hypoallergenic or limited-ingredient diets. Its use can also differentiate products in the premium segment and appeal to consumers seeking alternative proteins for their pets.

Rendered Duck Protein, Rendered Duck Meat, Rendered Anas Spp. Protein, Rendered Anas Spp. Meat

Duck meal is a concentrated protein ingredient derived from rendered duck, an animal source. It is produced by removing most of the moisture and fat from duck meat, resulting in a nutrient-dense powder. Duck meal is primarily included in pet foods to provide high-quality protein and essential amino acids. Unlike whole duck, it is utilised in a processed, dehydrated form to optimise nutrient density and digestibility.

Duck meal is included as a concentrated protein source to support muscle maintenance and overall nutrition, offering a cost-effective alternative to whole duck meat. Its use also allows for consistent nutrient levels and improved product labelling appeal.

Anas Platyrhynchos Liver, Foie De Canard, Canard Liver, Euduck Liver

Duck liver is an animal-derived organ meat sourced from ducks, valued for its rich nutrient profile. It serves as a concentrated source of high-quality protein, essential vitamins such as vitamin A, and minerals like iron and zinc, supporting overall health and vitality. Duck liver is incorporated in its natural, whole food form, ensuring optimal nutrient availability and palatability for pets.

Duck liver is included as a highly palatable protein and nutrient source, enhancing the flavour profile to increase acceptance among pets. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient, appealing to consumers seeking premium or novel animal proteins.

Ipomoea Batatas, Kumara, Batata, Camote

Sweet potato is a root vegetable of plant origin, valued for its rich content of complex carbohydrates, dietary fibre, and essential micronutrients such as vitamin A. In pet food, sweet potato serves primarily as a digestible energy source and supports digestive health. It is incorporated in its natural, whole form, ensuring optimal nutrient retention and palatability for companion animals.

Sweet potato is included as a cost-effective, highly digestible carbohydrate source that provides energy and dietary fibre. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient appealing to consumers seeking natural, whole-food components in pet food.

Garbanzo Beans, Cicer Arietinum, Bengal Gram, Egyptian Pea

Chickpeas are edible legumes derived from the plant Cicer arietinum, commonly cultivated for their high nutritional value. As a plant-based ingredient, chickpeas are primarily included in pet food for their rich protein, fibre, and complex carbohydrate content, supporting digestive health and sustained energy. Chickpeas are used in their natural, whole form, ensuring optimal nutrient retention and digestibility for pets.

Chickpeas are included as a cost-effective carbohydrate and protein source, providing bulk and nutritional value while supporting grain-free product labelling. Their use can also enhance the fibre content and appeal to consumers seeking plant-based or alternative ingredients.

Anas Platyrhynchos Fat, Anas Fat, Graisse de Canard, Eendenvet

Duck fat is an animal-derived ingredient obtained from the adipose tissue of ducks. It is primarily included in pet food for its high energy content and to enhance palatability, supporting healthy skin and coat. Duck fat is used in its rendered, purified form rather than as raw tissue, ensuring safety, digestibility, and optimal nutrient absorption for pets.

Duck fat is included as a palatability enhancer to improve the taste and aroma of the product, encouraging consumption by pets. It also serves as a source of energy and essential fatty acids, supporting overall nutritional value.

Lens Culinaris, Lens Esculenta, Masoor, Eiwitrijke Peulvruchten

Lentils are edible seeds from the legume plant, commonly cultivated for human and animal consumption. As a plant-based ingredient, lentils are valued for their high protein, dietary fibre, and essential micronutrient content. In pet food, lentils are primarily included to support protein levels and digestive health. Lentils are used in their natural, whole form, providing a minimally processed source of nutrition.

Lentils are included as a cost-effective source of plant-based protein and carbohydrates, helping to meet nutritional requirements while managing production costs. They also serve as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking grain-free or high-protein pet food options.

Lens Culinaris Fibre, Lens Culinaris Husk Fibre, Lens Culinaris Seed Fibre, Lens Fibre

Lentil fibre is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the outer husk of lentils. It is primarily included in pet food to provide dietary fibre, supporting healthy digestion and stool quality. Lentil fibre is used in its natural form, retaining its fibrous structure to optimise gastrointestinal function. Its inclusion helps regulate bowel movements and can contribute to overall gut health in pets.

Lentil fibre is included as a cost-effective source of dietary fibre to support digestive health and optimise stool quality. It also serves as a bulk-adding agent, helping to improve product texture and maintain formulation stability.

Pyrus Communis, European Pear, Bartlett Pear, Williams Pear

Pear is a plant-derived fruit included in pet food for its natural source of dietary fibre, vitamins, and antioxidants, supporting digestive health and overall wellbeing. It is primarily valued for its gentle fibre content, which aids healthy digestion. Pear is used in its natural form, ensuring pets benefit from its whole-food nutrients without synthetic alteration or processing into extracts or concentrates.

Pear is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to consumers seeking natural and recognisable components in pet food. It may also provide a modest source of fibre and natural sugars to support palatability.

Fish Liver Oil, Oleum Piscis, Oleum Jecoris, Oleum Piscarium

Fish oil is a nutrient-rich oil derived from the tissues of oily fish, making it an animal-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its high content of omega-3 fatty acids, which support skin, coat, and joint health. Fish oil is utilised in a purified, liquid form rather than as whole fish, ensuring optimal absorption and safety for pets.

Fish oil is included as a source of omega-3 fatty acids to support skin, coat, and joint health, enhancing the nutritional profile of the product. Its presence also serves as a marketing point, appealing to consumers seeking functional health benefits for their pets.

Cucurbita Pepo, Cucurbita Maxima, Cucurbita Moschata, Pepo

Pumpkin is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the fruit of the Cucurbita pepo species. It is primarily included in pet food for its dietary fibre content, which supports digestive health and regularity. Pumpkin is used in its natural form, either as fresh, cooked, or dehydrated flesh, providing a source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants beneficial to overall wellbeing.

Pumpkin is included as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking natural and recognisable components, while also serving as a cost-effective source of fibre and moisture to support digestive health and product texture. Its inclusion can enhance marketing appeal without significantly increasing formulation costs.

Vaccinium Macrocarpon, American Cranberry, Large Cranberry, Bearberry

Cranberry is a small, red berry derived from the Vaccinium macrocarpon plant, making it a plant-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its antioxidant properties and potential support of urinary tract health. Cranberry is used in its natural, whole form, ensuring pets benefit from its full spectrum of phytonutrients, vitamins, and dietary fibre.

Cranberry is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers and enhance product marketability. It may also serve as a natural source of antioxidants, supporting the product’s functional claims.

Trimethylethanolamine Chloride, Choline Monochloride, E1001, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-Trimethylethanaminium Chloride

Choline chloride is a synthetic compound derived from choline, an essential nutrient typically sourced from plant or animal origins. It is primarily included in pet food to support healthy brain function, liver metabolism, and cellular structure. Choline is not used in its natural state; instead, it is utilised as choline chloride to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption in pet diets.

Choline chloride is included as an essential nutrient to support normal liver function and brain health in pets. It is a cost-effective way to meet regulatory requirements for choline content in complete and balanced pet foods.

Sodium Chloride, NaCl, Table Salt, E535

Salt is a mineral ingredient derived from the combination of sodium and chloride, typically sourced from natural deposits or seawater. It is primarily included in pet food to support electrolyte balance, nerve function, and hydration. Salt is not used in its raw mineral form but is utilised as sodium chloride, a purified compound, to ensure safety, palatability, and optimal absorption in pets.

Salt is included as a palatability enhancer to improve taste and encourage consumption, and also functions as a preservative to help extend product shelf life. Its use allows manufacturers to optimise flavour while maintaining product stability.

2-Aminoethanesulphonic Acid, L-Taurine, E107, 2-Aminoethane-1-Sulphonic Acid

Taurine is a naturally occurring amino sulfonic acid derived from animal sources, particularly meat and fish. It is added to pet food to support cardiovascular health, vision, and proper immune function, especially in cats who cannot synthesise it sufficiently. Taurine is not used in its raw form; instead, it is incorporated as a purified, synthesised compound to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption.

Taurine is included to ensure adequate levels of this essential amino acid, particularly in diets where animal protein content may be insufficient to meet canine or feline nutritional requirements. Its addition supports cardiovascular health and is often used to address consumer concerns about diet-associated heart issues.

Tocopherol, Alpha-Tocopherol, E307, D-Alpha-Tocopherol

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin derived from plant sources such as vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. It functions primarily as an antioxidant, helping to protect cell membranes from oxidative damage and supporting immune health. In pet food, Vitamin E is not used in its natural raw form but is typically utilised as a stabilised compound, such as tocopherol acetate, to optimise safety and absorption.

Vitamin E is included as a natural antioxidant to help preserve the freshness and stability of fats and oils in the product, thereby extending shelf life. It also serves as a label-friendly nutrient that appeals to consumers seeking added health benefits for their pets.

Kombu, Saccharina Japonica, Laminaria Japonica, Kelp Powder

Dried kelp is a type of seaweed sourced from marine plants, commonly harvested from ocean waters. It is included in pet food primarily as a natural source of iodine, which supports healthy thyroid function, as well as providing trace minerals and antioxidants. Dried kelp is used in its natural, dehydrated form, ensuring the retention of its nutritional properties for optimal pet health.

Dried kelp is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers and enhance product marketing, while also providing trace minerals that can support nutritional claims. Its addition has minimal impact on palatability or product cost.

Zinc Proteinate Chelate, Zinc Protein Chelate, Zinc Amino Acid Chelate, Zinc Protein Complex

Zinc proteinate is a chelated mineral compound derived from the binding of zinc, an essential trace element, with amino acids or proteins. Sourced from mineral origins, it is included in pet food to support immune function, skin health, and enzyme activity. Zinc is not used in its raw metallic state; instead, it is utilised as zinc proteinate to optimise absorption and bioavailability in pets.

Zinc proteinate is included as a bioavailable source of the essential mineral zinc, supporting optimal nutrient absorption and overall health in pets. Its chelated form enhances stability and efficacy compared to inorganic zinc sources, aligning with nutritional labelling requirements.

Tocopherols, E306, Natural Tocopherols Concentrate, D-Alpha Tocopherol Concentrate

Mixed tocopherols are a blend of compounds derived from plant oils, primarily functioning as a source of vitamin E. Their main purpose in pet food is to act as natural antioxidants, helping to preserve the freshness of fats and oils. Rather than being used in their isolated, pure form, mixed tocopherols are incorporated as stabilised extracts to optimise safety, efficacy, and nutrient retention.

Mixed tocopherols are included as a natural preservative to extend shelf life by slowing the oxidation of fats and oils in pet food. They are often used as a label-friendly alternative to synthetic preservatives to appeal to consumer preferences for natural ingredients.

Retinol, Retinyl Palmitate, Retinyl Acetate, E160a

Vitamin A is an essential fat-soluble nutrient derived from animal sources (as retinyl esters) or plant sources (as carotenoids). It supports vision, immune function, and skin health in pets. In pet food, Vitamin A is not used in its raw or natural state but is provided as stabilised compounds (such as retinyl acetate or retinyl palmitate) to ensure safety, stability, and optimal absorption.

Vitamin A is included as an essential nutrient to support vision, immune function, and overall health in pets, ensuring the product meets established nutritional standards. Its addition also allows manufacturers to optimise the nutritional profile and comply with regulatory labelling requirements.

Cholecalciferol, Colecalciferol, Calciol, E671

Vitamin D3, also known as cholecalciferol, is a fat-soluble vitamin of animal origin commonly derived from lanolin or fish oil. It plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, supporting healthy bone development in pets. Vitamin D3 is not used in its natural form but is instead utilised as a stabilised compound to ensure safety, efficacy, and optimal absorption in pet food formulations.

Vitamin D3 is included to ensure the finished product meets established nutritional requirements for canine health, supporting bone development and calcium regulation. Its addition allows manufacturers to guarantee consistent vitamin content regardless of natural variation in raw materials.

Nicotinic Acid, Vitamin B3, Pyridine-3-Carboxylic Acid, E375

Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin of synthetic or natural origin, commonly derived from plant or animal sources. It plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and supports healthy skin, nerves, and digestion in pets. Niacin is not used in its raw form but is typically included as a safe, bioavailable compound such as niacinamide or nicotinic acid.

Niacin is included as an essential B vitamin to meet nutritional requirements and support metabolic health in pets. Its addition ensures compliance with regulatory standards for complete and balanced pet food labelling.

Vitamin B1 Mononitrate, Nitrate Salt of Thiamine, E101a, Thiamin Mononitrate

Thiamine mononitrate is a synthetic, water-soluble form of vitamin B1, derived from chemical synthesis rather than natural sources. It is added to pet food to support energy metabolism and proper nervous system function. Thiamine is not used in its natural state; instead, the mononitrate compound is utilised for stability, safety, and optimal absorption in formulated diets.

Thiamine mononitrate is included as a stable, cost-effective source of vitamin B1 to meet nutritional requirements and ensure product labelling compliance. Its synthetic form maintains potency during processing and storage, supporting both product stability and regulatory standards.

D-Calcium Pantothenate, E315, Pantothenic Acid Calcium Salt, Calcium D-Pantothenate

Calcium pantothenate is a synthetic compound derived from pantothenic acid, a water-soluble B vitamin (vitamin B5) of plant or animal origin. It is primarily included in pet food to support energy metabolism and maintain healthy skin and coat. Rather than using pantothenic acid in its natural form, calcium pantothenate is utilised for its stability, safety, and enhanced bioavailability in pet nutrition.

Calcium pantothenate is included as a stable, bioavailable source of vitamin B5 to meet nutritional requirements and support labelling claims of complete and balanced nutrition. Its use ensures consistent vitamin content throughout the product’s shelf life.

Vitamin B6, E300, Pyridoxine HCl, Pyridoxine Monohydrochloride

Pyridoxine hydrochloride is a synthetic, water-soluble form of vitamin B6, derived from chemical synthesis rather than natural sources. It is added to pet foods to support protein metabolism, nervous system health, and immune function. Unlike naturally occurring vitamin B6 in foods, pyridoxine is utilised in its hydrochloride salt form to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption in companion animals.

Pyridoxine hydrochloride is included as a cost-effective, stable source of vitamin B6 to ensure nutritional adequacy and meet regulatory labelling requirements. Its addition helps manufacturers guarantee consistent vitamin content throughout the product’s shelf life.

Vitamin B2, E101, Lactoflavin, 7,8-Dimethyl-10-Ribityl Isoalloxazine

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a water-soluble vitamin of synthetic origin commonly added to pet foods. It plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and supports healthy skin, eyes, and nervous system function. Riboflavin is not used in its natural form but is typically utilised as a synthesised compound to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption in pet diets.

Riboflavin is included as an essential vitamin to meet nutritional requirements and ensure regulatory compliance for complete and balanced pet food labelling. Its addition helps optimise the product’s nutrient profile without significantly impacting cost or palatability.

Pteroylmonoglutamic Acid, Pteroylglutamic Acid, Vitamin B9, E920

Folic acid is a synthetic form of vitamin B9, originally derived from plant sources but produced for pet food as a stable, bioavailable compound. Its primary purpose is to support cell division, DNA synthesis, and overall growth in pets. Folic acid is not used in its natural state; instead, it is utilised as a manufactured supplement to optimise absorption and efficacy.

Folic acid is included as a synthetic vitamin to ensure nutritional adequacy and meet regulatory requirements for B-vitamin content in pet food. Its addition helps standardise nutrient levels across batches, supporting consistent product labelling and animal health.

Cobalamin, Cyanocobalamin, Hydroxocobalamin, Methylcobalamin

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin of animal origin, essential for nerve function and red blood cell formation in pets. It is primarily included in pet food to support energy metabolism and overall vitality. Vitamin B12 is not used in its natural, raw form but is instead utilised as a specific compound, such as cyanocobalamin, to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption.

Vitamin B12 is included as an essential nutrient to support metabolic and neurological functions in pets, ensuring the product meets established nutritional standards. Its addition helps manufacturers achieve complete and balanced labelling claims.

Copper Amino Acid Chelate, Copper Chelate, Copper(II) Proteinate, Cupric Proteinate

Copper proteinate is a chelated mineral compound derived from the binding of copper, an essential trace element, with amino acids or proteins. Sourced from mineral origins, it is included in pet food to support vital functions such as red blood cell formation and enzyme activity. Copper is not used in its raw metallic state but is instead utilised as copper proteinate to optimise absorption and safety.

Copper proteinate is included as a bioavailable source of the essential trace mineral copper, supporting metabolic and enzymatic functions in pets. Its chelated form enhances absorption compared to inorganic copper sources, optimising nutritional efficacy in the finished product.

Cichorium Intybus Root, Cichorium Intybus Root (Dried), Chicory Root (Dried), Cichorium Intybus

Dried chicory root is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the root of the chicory plant (Cichorium intybus). It is primarily included in pet food for its high inulin content, a prebiotic fibre that supports digestive health and beneficial gut bacteria. Dried chicory root is used in its natural, whole form, providing a functional and nutritional benefit to pet diets.

Dried chicory root is included as a source of prebiotic fibre to support digestive health and optimise gut microbiota. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to health-conscious consumers.

Curcuma Longa, Indian Saffron, Jiang Huang, E100

Turmeric is a vibrant yellow spice derived from the root of the Curcuma longa plant, making it a plant-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting overall health and wellbeing. Turmeric is used in its natural powdered form, ensuring pets benefit from its active compound, curcumin, in a safe and bioavailable manner.

Turmeric is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers due to its association with natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties. Its presence may also support marketing claims related to holistic or functional pet foods, despite being used in small quantities with minimal direct nutritional impact for pets.

2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-Tricarboxylic Acid, E330, 3-Carboxy-3-Hydroxypentanedioic Acid, Monohydrate Citric Acid

Citric acid is an organic compound derived primarily from citrus fruits, though it is commonly produced via fermentation for commercial use. Its main purpose in pet food is as a natural preservative and acidity regulator, helping to maintain freshness and inhibit spoilage. Citric acid is not used in its raw, crystalline form but is incorporated as a purified, food-grade compound to ensure safety and efficacy.

Citric acid is included as a preservative to enhance product stability and extend shelf life by inhibiting microbial growth. It may also be used to adjust acidity, optimising flavour and maintaining the quality of the final product.

Rosmarinus Officinalis Extract, E392, Rosemary Oleoresin, Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract

Rosemary extract is a plant-derived ingredient obtained from the leaves of the rosemary herb (Rosmarinus officinalis). It is primarily included in pet food as a natural antioxidant, helping to preserve fats and oils and extend shelf life. Rosemary extract is used in its natural form, ensuring the retention of its beneficial compounds without chemical alteration.

Rosemary extract is included as a natural preservative to help extend shelf life by inhibiting oxidation of fats and oils. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking natural additives.

Lactobacillus Acidophilus Ferment Filtrate, L. Acidophilus Ferment Filtrate, Lactobacillus Acidophilus Ferment Lysate, L. Acidophilus Ferment Lysate

Lactobacillus acidophilus ferment product is a probiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of the Lactobacillus acidophilus bacterium, an organism of microbial origin. Its primary purpose is to support digestive health and promote a balanced gut microbiome in pets. This ingredient is not used in its live, natural bacterial form but is utilised as a stabilised ferment product to ensure safety and efficacy.

Lactobacillus acidophilus ferment product is included as a functional ingredient to support digestive health and promote a beneficial gut microbiome in pets. Its presence also serves as a marketing differentiator, appealing to consumers seeking products with added probiotics.

Bifidobacterium Animalis Ferment Filtrate, Bifidobacterium Animalis Lysate, Bifidobacterium Animalis Extract, Bifidobacterium Animalis Culture Filtrate

Bifidobacterium animalis ferment product is a postbiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of the Bifidobacterium animalis bacterium, a microorganism of animal origin. Its primary benefit is to support digestive health by promoting a balanced gut microbiome. This ingredient is not used in its live, natural bacterial form but is instead utilised as a stabilised ferment product to ensure safety and efficacy in pet food formulations.

Bifidobacterium animalis ferment product is included as a functional ingredient to support digestive health by promoting beneficial gut bacteria. Its presence also serves as a marketing feature, appealing to consumers seeking scientifically supported probiotics in pet food.

Lactobacillus Casei Ferment, Lactobacillus Casei Ferment Extract, L. Casei Ferment, L. Casei Ferment Extract

Lactobacillus casei ferment product is a probiotic ingredient derived from the fermentation of the Lactobacillus casei bacterium, an organism of microbial origin. Its primary purpose is to support digestive health and promote a balanced gut microbiome in pets. Rather than using live bacteria in their natural state, this ingredient is utilised as a stabilised ferment product to ensure safety, efficacy, and shelf stability.

Lactobacillus casei ferment product is included as a functional ingredient to support digestive health and promote a balanced gut microbiome in pets. Its presence also serves as a marketing differentiator, appealing to consumers seeking products with added probiotics.