Salmon, Mint and Charcoal Adult Dog Dental Sticks

Salmo Salar, Atlantic Salmon, Pacific Salmon, Oncorhynchus Spp.

Salmon is a nutrient-rich fish sourced from cold, clean waters and is classified as an animal-derived ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its high-quality protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which support skin, coat, and joint health. Salmon is used in its natural form, ensuring pets benefit from its full nutritional profile and bioavailable nutrients.

Salmon is included as a high-quality protein and omega-3 fatty acid source to support skin and coat health, appealing to consumers seeking premium or functional pet foods. Its presence also enhances palatability and serves as a marketing differentiator on product labelling.

Cassava, Manioc, Yuca, Manihot Esculenta

Tapioca is a starch extracted from the root of the cassava plant, a tropical crop native to South America. As a plant-derived ingredient, its primary purpose in pet food is to provide a highly digestible source of carbohydrates and energy. Tapioca is used in its natural, processed form as a purified starch, not as whole cassava root, ensuring safety and digestibility.

Tapioca is included as a cost-effective carbohydrate source that provides energy and helps bind kibble, contributing to the desired texture and structure of the final product. Its neutral flavour and hypoallergenic properties also make it suitable for formulating diets for pets with sensitivities.

Glycerol, 1,2,3-Propanetriol, E422, Propane-1,2,3-Triol

Glycerine is a colourless, odourless liquid derived from plant or animal fats. In pet food, it serves primarily as a humectant, helping to retain moisture and improve texture. Glycerine is not used in its natural, raw state but is refined and purified for food-grade applications to ensure safety and optimal absorption. It also aids in palatability and shelf-life extension.

Glycerine is included as a humectant to retain moisture and improve the texture of pet food products, helping to prevent them from drying out. It also acts as a mild sweetener to enhance palatability for pets.

Ipomoea Batatas, Kumara, Batata, Camote

Sweet potato is a root vegetable of plant origin, valued for its rich content of complex carbohydrates, dietary fibre, and essential micronutrients such as vitamin A. In pet food, sweet potato serves primarily as a digestible energy source and supports digestive health. It is incorporated in its natural, whole form, ensuring optimal nutrient retention and palatability for companion animals.

Sweet potato is included as a cost-effective, highly digestible carbohydrate source that provides energy and dietary fibre. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient appealing to consumers seeking natural, whole-food components in pet food.

Mentha, Mentha Spp., Mentha Extract, Mentha Oil

Mint is a fragrant herb derived from the leaves of plants in the Mentha genus, originating from the plant kingdom. It is primarily included in pet food for its natural flavouring properties and potential digestive benefits. Mint is used in its natural, whole-leaf form, ensuring the retention of its aromatic oils and phytonutrients, which may support fresh breath and gastrointestinal health in pets.

Mint is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to pet owners seeking natural or holistic components, and may also be intended to provide a fresh aroma or aid in breath freshening for pets. Its functional impact on pet health is generally minimal at the typical inclusion levels.

Cocos Nucifera, Cocos Nucifera Fruit, Cocos Nucifera (Plant), Cocos Nucifera (Fruit)

Coconut is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera). It is primarily included in pet food for its healthy fats, particularly medium-chain triglycerides, which support energy and skin health. Coconut is used in its natural form, such as dried or shredded flesh, ensuring pets benefit from its nutrients and dietary fibre.

Coconut is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers and enhance product marketing. It may also serve as a source of dietary fibre and medium-chain fatty acids, contributing to the nutritional profile of the pet food.

Hydrolysed Vegetable Protein, Vegetable Protein Hydrolysate, HVP, Plant Protein Hydrolysate

Vegetable digest is a processed ingredient derived from plant sources, typically through enzymatic hydrolysis of vegetables. It is primarily included in pet food to enhance palatability and provide a source of easily digestible nutrients. Rather than being used in its whole, natural form, vegetable digest is utilised as a hydrolysed compound to optimise flavour and nutrient absorption in pet diets.

Vegetable digest is included as a palatability enhancer, providing flavour compounds that make the product more appealing to pets. It is also a cost-effective way to add desirable taste without significantly increasing production expenses.

Plant Gum, E499, Hydrocolloid, Gomme Végétale

Vegetable gum is a plant-derived ingredient commonly sourced from various botanical origins such as guar, xanthan, or locust bean. It serves primarily as a thickener, stabiliser, and emulsifier in pet food, helping to maintain texture and consistency. Vegetable gum is utilised in its processed, food-grade form rather than as a raw plant material, ensuring safety and optimal functionality in formulations.

Vegetable gum is included as a stabilising and thickening agent to improve the texture and consistency of pet food products. It also helps maintain product integrity during storage, supporting shelf life and consumer appeal.

Sodium Chloride, NaCl, Table Salt, E535

Salt is a mineral ingredient derived from the combination of sodium and chloride, typically sourced from natural deposits or seawater. It is primarily included in pet food to support electrolyte balance, nerve function, and hydration. Salt is not used in its raw mineral form but is utilised as sodium chloride, a purified compound, to ensure safety, palatability, and optimal absorption in pets.

Salt is included as a palatability enhancer to improve taste and encourage consumption, and also functions as a preservative to help extend product shelf life. Its use allows manufacturers to optimise flavour while maintaining product stability.

Pentapotassium Triphosphate, STPP, E451(i), Triphosphoric Acid Pentasodium Salt

Sodium tripolyphosphate is a synthetic compound derived from inorganic sources, commonly used in pet food formulations. Its primary function is to act as a preservative and to help maintain the texture and moisture of products. Sodium tripolyphosphate is not used in its natural mineral form; instead, it is utilised as a processed salt to ensure safety, stability, and optimal absorption.

Sodium tripolyphosphate is included as a functional additive to improve product texture and moisture retention, helping maintain palatability and appearance. It also acts as a preservative to extend shelf life and inhibit spoilage.

Zinc Sulphate Monohydrate, Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate, E6, ZnSO₄

Zinc sulphate is a mineral compound derived from the element zinc, typically sourced from mined zinc ores. It is utilised in pet food as a supplemental source of zinc, an essential trace mineral that supports immune function, skin health, and enzyme activity. Zinc is not used in its natural metallic state; instead, it is provided as zinc sulphate to optimise safety and bioavailability for pets.

Zinc sulphate is included as a cost-effective and bioavailable source of the essential mineral zinc, which supports immune function and skin health in pets. Its addition ensures the product meets nutritional requirements for complete and balanced pet food labelling.

Activated Carbon, Medicinal Carbon, Carbo Activatus, E153

Activated charcoal is a processed form of carbon derived from plant sources such as coconut shells or wood. It is primarily included in pet food for its adsorptive properties, helping to bind toxins and support digestive health. Activated charcoal is not used in its natural raw state; instead, it is specially treated to increase its surface area and effectiveness for safe dietary use.

Activated charcoal is included as a functional ingredient to aid in odour control and potentially support digestive health by adsorbing toxins or gases. Its presence may also serve a marketing purpose, appealing to consumers seeking products with perceived detoxifying benefits.

Petroselinum Crispum, Garden Parsley, Common Parsley, E461

Parsley is a leafy herb of plant origin, commonly used in pet food for its natural antioxidant properties and as a source of vitamins such as vitamin K and C. It is primarily included to support immune health and freshen breath. In pet food formulations, parsley is used in its natural, whole form, ensuring the retention of its beneficial phytonutrients and fibre content.

Parsley is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to pet owners seeking natural or recognisable components in pet food. It may also be added for its perceived breath-freshening properties, though its functional impact on canine nutrition is minimal.

Salvia Hispanica, Salvia Hispanica Seed, Salba, Salvia Hispanica L.

Chia seed is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the Salvia hispanica plant, native to Central and South America. It is primarily included in pet food for its rich content of omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fibre, and antioxidants, supporting skin, coat, and digestive health. Chia seed is used in its natural, whole form, ensuring optimal nutrient retention and bioavailability for pets.

Chia seed is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers, as it is associated with omega-3 fatty acids and fibre. It may also provide a minor functional benefit as a source of plant-based nutrients and aid in product marketing.

Natural Flavouring, Flavouring Substance, Flavouring Preparation, Flavouring Complex

Natural flavour is a food additive derived from animal or plant sources, designed to enhance the palatability of pet food. Its primary purpose is to improve taste and encourage consistent consumption. Rather than being used in its original raw form, natural flavour is typically processed and concentrated to ensure safety, stability, and uniformity in pet food formulations, while maintaining its natural origin.

Natural flavour is included to enhance palatability, encouraging pets to consume the product. It also allows manufacturers to improve taste without specifying individual flavouring agents, supporting flexible formulation and label-friendly marketing.

Edible Vegetable Oil, Edible Plant Oil, Plant Oil, Oleum Vegetabile

Vegetable oil is a plant-derived fat extracted from various seeds or fruits, such as sunflower, canola, or soybean. It serves primarily as an energy source and supports the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins in pet food. Vegetable oil is used in its refined, edible form rather than as raw plant material, ensuring safety, palatability, and optimal nutrient availability for pets.

Vegetable oil is included as a cost-effective source of dietary fat and energy, supporting palatability and contributing to the texture of the final product. It may also be used to deliver essential fatty acids and improve the appearance of the kibble.

Antimicrobials, E Numbers, Food Additives, Chemical Preservatives

Preservatives are compounds added to pet food to inhibit the growth of spoilage microorganisms and extend shelf life. Originating from both synthetic and natural sources, their primary function is to maintain product safety and freshness. Preservatives are not used in their raw or elemental state; instead, they are incorporated as specific compounds, such as mixed tocopherols or potassium sorbate, to optimise efficacy and safety for pets.

Preservatives are included to extend the product’s shelf life by inhibiting the growth of spoilage organisms and maintaining freshness during storage and distribution. Their use helps ensure product safety and stability, reducing waste and optimising inventory management.

Acacia Senegal, Acacia Seyal, E414, Acacia Gum

Gum Arabic is a natural plant-derived gum obtained from the sap of Acacia trees, primarily Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal. It serves as a functional ingredient in pet food, acting as a stabiliser, emulsifier, and source of soluble dietary fibre. Gum Arabic is used in its natural, dried exudate form, ensuring safety and optimal digestibility for companion animals.

Gum Arabic is included as a stabilising and thickening agent to improve the texture and consistency of pet food products. It also helps to maintain ingredient suspension and extend shelf life, supporting product quality during storage and distribution.

Acidulant, Acidity Regulator, E Acidifier, Acidity Corrector

Food acid is a functional ingredient derived from either natural or synthetic sources, commonly used in pet food to regulate acidity and preserve freshness. Its primary purpose is to maintain optimal pH levels, which helps inhibit spoilage and supports product stability. Food acids are not used in their raw or elemental form; instead, they are utilised as safe, food-grade acid compounds suitable for animal consumption.

Food acid is included to regulate the pH of the product, enhancing preservation and extending shelf life. It also helps maintain product stability and safety by inhibiting the growth of spoilage microorganisms.