Adult Savory Stew with Beef and Vegetables Dog Food

Aqua, Purified Water, Distilled Water, Deionised Water

Water is a vital ingredient sourced from natural origins and is essential for all living organisms. In pet food, water serves primarily to hydrate, aid in ingredient processing, and ensure proper texture and palatability. It is used in its natural, purified form, not chemically altered, to optimise moisture content and support the overall health and wellbeing of pets.

Water is included as a processing aid to facilitate mixing and extrusion during manufacturing. It also helps achieve the desired texture and moisture content in the final product.

Bovine Meat, Bos Taurus, Ox Meat, Cow Meat

Beef is the muscle meat derived from cattle, categorised as an animal-based ingredient. It serves as a rich source of high-quality protein, essential amino acids, iron, and B vitamins, supporting muscle maintenance and overall health in pets. In premium pet foods, beef is typically included in its natural, whole-food form, ensuring optimal nutrient availability and palatability.

Beef is included as a primary animal protein source to meet nutritional requirements and enhance palatability for pets. Its presence also serves as a marketing advantage, appealing to consumers seeking recognisable, high-quality ingredients.

Sus Scrofa Domesticus Liver, Swine Liver, Pig Liver, Porcine Liver

Pork liver is an animal-derived organ meat sourced from pigs. It is included in pet food primarily for its rich content of highly bioavailable protein, essential vitamins (notably vitamin A), and minerals such as iron and zinc. Pork liver is used in its natural, whole food form, providing a concentrated source of nutrients to support overall health and vitality in pets.

Pork liver is included as a nutrient-dense organ meat to provide essential vitamins, minerals, and high-quality protein, supporting the nutritional profile of the product. Its strong flavour also enhances palatability, encouraging consumption by pets.

Whole Grain Rice, Unpolished Rice, Oryza Sativa, Cargo Rice

Brown rice is a whole grain derived from the rice plant (Oryza sativa) and retains its bran and germ layers, making it a plant-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food as a source of complex carbohydrates, dietary fibre, and essential nutrients. Brown rice is used in its natural, unrefined form, providing slow-release energy and supporting digestive health in pets.

Brown rice is included as a cost-effective carbohydrate source that provides energy and bulk to pet food formulations. It is also considered a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking whole grains in their pets’ diets.

Malus Domestica, Pyrus Malus, Malus Pumila, E Malus

Apple is a fruit derived from the Malus domestica tree, classified as a plant-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its dietary fibre, natural antioxidants, and vitamins, supporting digestive health and immune function. Apple is used in its natural, whole form, ensuring pets benefit from its inherent nutrients without synthetic alteration or processing into extracts or concentrates.

Apple is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to consumers seeking recognisable, natural components in pet food. It may also provide a modest source of fibre and natural sweetness to enhance palatability.

Daucus Carota, Daucus Carota Root, Daucus Carota Sativa, Wild Carrot

Carrot is a root vegetable of plant origin, widely recognised for its vibrant orange colour and natural sweetness. In pet food, carrot is included in its natural, whole form to provide dietary fibre, beta-carotene (a precursor to vitamin A), and antioxidants. Its primary benefit is supporting digestive health and immune function, while also contributing to overall palatability and nutritional diversity.

Carrot is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to consumers seeking recognisable, natural components and to enhance the product’s perceived nutritional value. It may also provide a modest source of fibre and vitamins, supporting marketing claims of added health benefits.

E1422, Acetylated Distarch Adipate, Modified Food Starch (Rice), Oryza Sativa Modified Starch

Modified rice starch is a carbohydrate ingredient derived from rice, a plant source. It is primarily used as a functional additive to improve texture, stability, and moisture retention in pet food formulations. Rather than being used in its natural form, rice starch is physically or chemically altered to enhance its thickening and binding properties, making it more suitable for processing and digestibility.

Modified rice starch is included as a cost-effective carbohydrate source and thickening agent, helping to improve texture and consistency in pet food formulations. It also aids in product stability by preventing separation and maintaining uniformity during storage.

Triticum Aestivum Flour, White Flour, Plain Flour, All-Purpose Flour

Wheat flour is a finely milled powder derived from the grinding of wheat grains, a plant-based ingredient commonly used in pet foods. Its primary purpose is to provide a source of carbohydrates for energy, as well as some protein and dietary fibre. Wheat flour is utilised in its natural form, making it a functional ingredient for binding and texture in pet food formulations.

Wheat flour is included as a cost-effective carbohydrate source that provides bulk and energy to pet food formulations. It also serves as a functional binding agent, helping to improve texture and product consistency.

Beet Fibre, Beet Fiber, Beta Vulgaris Pulp, Beta Vulgaris Fibre

Dried beet pulp is a fibrous by-product derived from sugar beet plants after sugar extraction. As a plant-based ingredient, it serves primarily as a source of fermentable fibre, supporting digestive health and stool quality in pets. Dried beet pulp is used in its processed, dried form rather than as fresh beet, optimising its digestibility and functional benefits in pet food formulations.

Dried beet pulp is included as a cost-effective source of dietary fibre to promote digestive health and stool quality in pets. It also serves as a bulk-adding agent, helping to optimise the texture and consistency of the final product.

Solanum Tuberosum Starch, E1401, Native Potato Starch, Potato Flour

Potato starch is a carbohydrate extracted from the tubers of the potato plant (Solanum tuberosum), a plant-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food as a source of easily digestible energy and to improve texture and binding. Potato starch is utilised in its processed, purified form rather than as whole potatoes, ensuring consistency and digestibility in the final product.

Potato starch is included as a cost-effective carbohydrate source and bulk-adding agent, helping to optimise product texture and binding. It also contributes to a label-friendly formulation that appeals to consumers seeking grain-free options.

Glucose, D-Glucose, E1400, Corn Sugar

Dextrose is a simple sugar derived from plant sources, typically corn or wheat. It serves as a readily digestible carbohydrate, providing a quick source of energy for pets. In pet food, dextrose is utilised in its refined, powdered form rather than as a whole food. This ensures rapid absorption and consistent quality, supporting energy needs and palatability in premium formulations.

Dextrose is included as a cost-effective carbohydrate source that provides quick energy and can enhance palatability for pets. It may also serve functional roles in processing, such as aiding in ingredient blending or improving product texture.

Poultry Fat, Gallus Gallus Domesticus Fat, Rendered Chicken Fat, Chicken Oil

Chicken fat is an animal-derived ingredient obtained from rendering chicken tissue. It serves primarily as a concentrated source of energy and essential fatty acids, supporting skin and coat health in pets. Chicken fat is used in its natural rendered form, not as a raw or unprocessed fat, ensuring palatability and digestibility while providing a stable, high-quality lipid source in pet food formulations.

Chicken fat is included as a highly digestible source of animal fat, providing essential fatty acids and enhancing the palatability of the product. It also contributes to the energy content of the food in a cost-effective manner.

Albumen, Dried Albumen, Liquid Albumen, Gallus Gallus Domesticus Albumen

Egg white is the clear, protein-rich component of an egg, derived from animal origin, specifically poultry. It is primarily included in pet food for its high-quality, easily digestible protein, supporting muscle maintenance and repair. Egg white is used in its natural, whole food form, providing essential amino acids without added fats or cholesterol, making it a premium protein source for pets.

Egg white is included as a high-quality, easily digestible protein source to support muscle maintenance and development in pets. Its presence can also enhance the product’s nutritional profile and appeal to consumers seeking recognisable, label-friendly ingredients.

Solanum Tuberosum, Irish Potato, White Potato, Eirinn Potato

Potato is a starchy tuber derived from the plant Solanum tuberosum, commonly cultivated for both human and animal consumption. In pet food, potato serves primarily as a source of digestible carbohydrates and dietary fibre, supporting energy needs and digestive health. Potato is included in its natural, whole food form, providing a hypoallergenic alternative to common grains in premium pet diets.

Potato is included as a cost-effective carbohydrate source that provides energy and bulk to pet food formulations. It also serves as a grain-free alternative to traditional fillers, appealing to consumers seeking grain-free options.

Garden Peas, Pisum Sativum, English Peas, Common Peas

Green peas are a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the seeds of Pisum sativum. They are primarily included in pet food for their high-quality plant protein, dietary fibre, and essential micronutrients, supporting digestive health and energy. Green peas are used in their natural, whole form, ensuring pets benefit from their complete nutritional profile without synthetic alteration.

Green peas are included as a cost-effective carbohydrate and protein source that also adds bulk to the product. They are often used to support "grain-free" marketing claims and enhance label appeal for consumers.

Spinacia Oleracea, English Spinach, Common Spinach, Garden Spinach

Spinach is a leafy green vegetable of plant origin, valued for its rich content of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. In pet food, spinach primarily provides dietary fibre, iron, and phytonutrients that support overall health and immune function. Spinach is included in its natural form, ensuring pets benefit from its full nutritional profile without synthetic alteration or processing into extracts.

Spinach is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers and enhance the perceived nutritional value of the product. It may also provide a modest source of vitamins and minerals, supporting marketing claims of added health benefits.

Hydrolysed Chicken Extract, Hydrolysed Chicken Protein, Hydrolysed Gallus Gallus Domesticus Flavour, Hydrolysed Poultry Flavour

Hydrolysed chicken flavour is a functional ingredient derived from animal sources, specifically chicken proteins that have been broken down into smaller peptides through hydrolysis. Its primary purpose is to enhance palatability, making pet food more appealing. This ingredient is not used in its natural whole form; instead, it is utilised as a hydrolysed compound to optimise digestibility and reduce allergenic potential.

Hydrolysed chicken flavour is included as a palatability enhancer to improve the taste and aroma of the product, encouraging dogs to consume the food. It also allows manufacturers to label the product as containing chicken-derived ingredients without significantly increasing production costs.

Chalk, Limestone, E170, Marble Dust

Calcium carbonate is a naturally occurring mineral compound derived from sources such as limestone or marine shells. It is primarily included in pet food as a source of calcium, essential for healthy bones, teeth, and metabolic functions. Calcium carbonate is not used in its raw mineral state; instead, it is processed into a purified, food-grade compound to optimise safety and bioavailability for pets.

Calcium carbonate is included as a cost-effective mineral supplement to provide a bioavailable source of calcium, supporting bone health and proper nutritional balance. It also functions as a pH stabiliser, contributing to product consistency and shelf stability.

Porcine Plasma, Sus Scrofa Plasma, Blood Plasma (Porcine), Swine Plasma

Pork plasma is a functional animal-derived ingredient obtained from the blood of pigs, with the plasma fraction separated and dried for use in pet food. It serves primarily as a highly digestible protein source and natural binder, supporting muscle maintenance and product texture. Pork plasma is utilised in a processed, dehydrated form rather than as fresh blood, ensuring safety, stability, and optimal nutrient availability.

Pork plasma is included as a highly digestible protein source that enhances the nutritional profile and palatability of pet food. It also acts as a functional binder, improving product texture and moisture retention.

Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate, Dibasic Calcium Phosphate, E341(ii), Calcium Phosphate Dibasic

Dicalcium phosphate is a mineral compound derived from calcium and phosphorus, commonly sourced from phosphate rock. It serves as a key dietary supplement in pet foods, providing essential calcium and phosphorus to support healthy bones and teeth. Dicalcium phosphate is not used in its natural raw or metallic state; instead, it is utilised in its purified compound form to ensure safety and optimal absorption.

Dicalcium phosphate is included as a cost-effective mineral supplement to provide essential calcium and phosphorus for skeletal health. It also serves as a functional agent to improve product texture and processing stability.

E508, Muriate of Potash, Potassium Monochloride, KCl

Potassium chloride is a mineral compound derived from the element potassium, typically sourced from naturally occurring mineral deposits. It is utilised in pet food as a purified salt rather than in its raw metallic form, ensuring safety and optimal absorption. Its primary purpose is to provide essential potassium, which supports nerve function, muscle contraction, and fluid balance in companion animals.

Potassium chloride is included as a cost-effective mineral supplement to help meet pets’ dietary potassium requirements. It also functions as a salt substitute to optimise electrolyte balance in the formulation.

Flaxseed, Linum Usitatissimum, Flax, Flaxseed Oil

Linseed, also known as flaxseed, is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum). It is primarily included in pet food for its high content of omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fibre, supporting skin health and digestion. Linseed is used in its natural, whole or ground form to optimise nutrient availability and functional benefits.

Linseed is included as a source of omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fibre, supporting skin and coat health as well as digestive function. Its presence also allows manufacturers to market the product as containing plant-based nutrients and functional ingredients.

Glycine Max Oil, E322, Soya Oil, Soya Bean Oil

Soybean oil is a plant-derived oil extracted from the seeds of the soybean (Glycine max). It serves as a concentrated source of energy and provides essential fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid, which supports skin and coat health in pets. Soybean oil is utilised in its refined liquid form, not as whole soybeans, to optimise digestibility and nutrient availability in pet food formulations.

Soybean oil is included as a cost-effective source of fat and essential fatty acids, supporting energy density and skin and coat health in pet food. It also contributes to product texture and palatability while helping to optimise manufacturing costs.

E150, Caramel E150, E150a, Plain Caramel

Caramel Colour is a food-grade colouring agent derived from the controlled heat treatment of carbohydrates, typically sourced from plant materials such as corn or sugar. Its primary purpose is to impart a rich brown hue to pet foods, enhancing visual appeal. Caramel Colour is not used in its raw form; instead, it is produced through a regulated process to ensure safety and consistency.

Caramel colour is included as a cost-effective colouring agent to standardise and enhance the visual appearance of pet food, making it more appealing to consumers. It does not contribute nutritional value but supports consistent product presentation for marketing purposes.

Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba Gum, E412, Guaran, Guar Flour

Guar gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the seeds of the guar plant (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), a legume native to India and Pakistan. It is primarily used as a thickening and stabilising agent in pet food, helping to improve texture and moisture retention. Guar gum is utilised in its processed powder form, not as whole seeds, to ensure optimal functionality and digestibility.

Guar gum is included as a cost-effective thickening and stabilising agent to improve the texture and consistency of pet food products. It also helps maintain product uniformity during storage and extends shelf life.

Iron(II) Sulphate, Ferrous Iron Sulphate, E172, Green Vitriol

Ferrous sulphate is an inorganic compound derived from iron, an essential mineral for animal health. It is primarily included in pet food to support normal red blood cell formation and prevent iron deficiency anaemia. Ferrous sulphate is not used in its natural metallic state; instead, it is utilised as a salt to optimise safety, stability, and absorption within the animal’s body.

Ferrous sulphate is included as a cost-effective source of dietary iron to meet nutritional requirements in pet food formulations. It helps ensure the product delivers essential minerals for pet health while maintaining compliance with labelling standards.

Zinc White, CI 77947, Calamine, Chinese White

Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound derived from the mineral zinc, commonly used in pet food as a supplemental source of the essential trace mineral zinc. Its primary benefit is to support immune function, skin health, and enzyme activity. Zinc is not used in its natural metallic state; instead, it is utilised as zinc oxide to optimise safety, stability, and bioavailability in pet nutrition.

Zinc oxide is included as a cost-effective and stable source of essential zinc, supporting nutritional adequacy in pet food formulations. Its use ensures compliance with regulatory requirements for trace minerals while maintaining product shelf stability.

Copper Amino Acid Chelate, Copper Chelate, Copper(II) Proteinate, Cupric Proteinate

Copper proteinate is a chelated mineral compound derived from the binding of copper, an essential trace element, with amino acids or proteins. Sourced from mineral origins, it is included in pet food to support vital functions such as red blood cell formation and enzyme activity. Copper is not used in its raw metallic state but is instead utilised as copper proteinate to optimise absorption and safety.

Copper proteinate is included as a bioavailable source of the essential trace mineral copper, supporting metabolic and enzymatic functions in pets. Its chelated form enhances absorption compared to inorganic copper sources, optimising nutritional efficacy in the finished product.

Manganese(II) Sulphate, Manganous Sulphate, Epsomite (Manganese), Sulphuric Acid Manganese(2+) Salt

Manganese sulphate is an inorganic compound derived from the mineral manganese, typically sourced from mined ores. It is included in pet food as an essential trace mineral to support bone development, enzyme function, and metabolic processes. Rather than using raw metallic manganese, the sulphate form is utilised to ensure safety, stability, and optimal absorption in companion animals’ diets.

Manganese sulphate is included as a cost-effective source of the essential trace mineral manganese, which supports metabolic and skeletal health in pets. Its addition ensures nutritional adequacy and compliance with regulatory labelling requirements for complete and balanced pet foods.

KI, E917, Kalium Iodidum, Kalium Iodide

Potassium iodide is a mineral compound derived from the combination of potassium and iodine, both essential nutrients. Sourced from mineral origins, it is not used in its raw elemental form but is instead utilised as a stable salt to ensure safety and optimal absorption. Its primary purpose is to provide a bioavailable source of iodine, supporting healthy thyroid function in pets.

Potassium iodide is included as a cost-effective source of dietary iodine, an essential trace mineral required for proper thyroid function in pets. Its precise addition allows manufacturers to meet nutritional labelling requirements and ensure product consistency.

Tocopherol, Alpha-Tocopherol, E307, D-Alpha-Tocopherol

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin derived from plant sources such as vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. It functions primarily as an antioxidant, helping to protect cell membranes from oxidative damage and supporting immune health. In pet food, Vitamin E is not used in its natural raw form but is typically utilised as a stabilised compound, such as tocopherol acetate, to optimise safety and absorption.

Vitamin E is included as a natural antioxidant to help preserve the freshness and stability of fats and oils in the product, thereby extending shelf life. It also serves as a label-friendly nutrient that appeals to consumers seeking added health benefits for their pets.

L-Ascorbyl Polyphosphate, Ascorbic Acid Polyphosphate, Polyphosphate Ester of Ascorbic Acid, E304

Ascorbyl polyphosphate is a synthesised compound derived from vitamin C (ascorbic acid), typically of plant origin. It serves as a stable source of vitamin C, supporting immune function and acting as an antioxidant in pet food. Ascorbyl polyphosphate is not used in its natural form; instead, it is utilised as a phosphate-bound compound to optimise stability and bioavailability.

Ascorbyl polyphosphate is included as a stable, cost-effective source of vitamin C that resists degradation during processing and storage. Its use helps manufacturers ensure consistent nutrient labelling and extend the shelf life of the finished product.

Vitamin B1 Mononitrate, Nitrate Salt of Thiamine, E101a, Thiamin Mononitrate

Thiamine mononitrate is a synthetic, water-soluble form of vitamin B1, derived from chemical synthesis rather than natural sources. It is added to pet food to support energy metabolism and proper nervous system function. Thiamine is not used in its natural state; instead, the mononitrate compound is utilised for stability, safety, and optimal absorption in formulated diets.

Thiamine mononitrate is included as a stable, cost-effective source of vitamin B1 to meet nutritional requirements and ensure product labelling compliance. Its synthetic form maintains potency during processing and storage, supporting both product stability and regulatory standards.

Nicotinic Acid, Vitamin B3, Pyridine-3-Carboxylic Acid, E375

Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin of synthetic or natural origin, commonly derived from plant or animal sources. It plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and supports healthy skin, nerves, and digestion in pets. Niacin is not used in its raw form but is typically included as a safe, bioavailable compound such as niacinamide or nicotinic acid.

Niacin is included as an essential B vitamin to meet nutritional requirements and support metabolic health in pets. Its addition ensures compliance with regulatory standards for complete and balanced pet food labelling.

D-Calcium Pantothenate, E315, Pantothenic Acid Calcium Salt, Calcium D-Pantothenate

Calcium pantothenate is a synthetic compound derived from pantothenic acid, a water-soluble B vitamin (vitamin B5) of plant or animal origin. It is primarily included in pet food to support energy metabolism and maintain healthy skin and coat. Rather than using pantothenic acid in its natural form, calcium pantothenate is utilised for its stability, safety, and enhanced bioavailability in pet nutrition.

Calcium pantothenate is included as a stable, bioavailable source of vitamin B5 to meet nutritional requirements and support labelling claims of complete and balanced nutrition. Its use ensures consistent vitamin content throughout the product’s shelf life.

Cobalamin, Cyanocobalamin, Hydroxocobalamin, Methylcobalamin

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin of animal origin, essential for nerve function and red blood cell formation in pets. It is primarily included in pet food to support energy metabolism and overall vitality. Vitamin B12 is not used in its natural, raw form but is instead utilised as a specific compound, such as cyanocobalamin, to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption.

Vitamin B12 is included as an essential nutrient to support metabolic and neurological functions in pets, ensuring the product meets established nutritional standards. Its addition helps manufacturers achieve complete and balanced labelling claims.

Vitamin B6, E300, Pyridoxine HCl, Pyridoxine Monohydrochloride

Pyridoxine hydrochloride is a synthetic, water-soluble form of vitamin B6, derived from chemical synthesis rather than natural sources. It is added to pet foods to support protein metabolism, nervous system health, and immune function. Unlike naturally occurring vitamin B6 in foods, pyridoxine is utilised in its hydrochloride salt form to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption in companion animals.

Pyridoxine hydrochloride is included as a cost-effective, stable source of vitamin B6 to ensure nutritional adequacy and meet regulatory labelling requirements. Its addition helps manufacturers guarantee consistent vitamin content throughout the product’s shelf life.

Vitamin B7, Vitamin H, D-Biotin, Coenzyme R

Biotin is a water-soluble B-vitamin (vitamin B7) of synthetic origin, commonly included in pet foods to support healthy skin, coat, and metabolic function. Its primary benefit is aiding in the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Biotin is not used in its natural, free form but is instead utilised as a stable, bioavailable compound to optimise absorption and efficacy in pets.

Biotin is included as an essential vitamin to support skin, coat, and metabolic health in pets, fulfilling nutritional requirements for complete and balanced diets. Its addition also allows manufacturers to highlight the inclusion of key micronutrients on product labelling, appealing to health-conscious consumers.

Vitamin B2, E101, Lactoflavin, 7,8-Dimethyl-10-Ribityl Isoalloxazine

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a water-soluble vitamin of synthetic origin commonly added to pet foods. It plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and supports healthy skin, eyes, and nervous system function. Riboflavin is not used in its natural form but is typically utilised as a synthesised compound to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption in pet diets.

Riboflavin is included as an essential vitamin to meet nutritional requirements and ensure regulatory compliance for complete and balanced pet food labelling. Its addition helps optimise the product’s nutrient profile without significantly impacting cost or palatability.

Cholecalciferol, Colecalciferol, Calciol, E671

Vitamin D3, also known as cholecalciferol, is a fat-soluble vitamin of animal origin commonly derived from lanolin or fish oil. It plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, supporting healthy bone development in pets. Vitamin D3 is not used in its natural form but is instead utilised as a stabilised compound to ensure safety, efficacy, and optimal absorption in pet food formulations.

Vitamin D3 is included to ensure the finished product meets established nutritional requirements for canine health, supporting bone development and calcium regulation. Its addition allows manufacturers to guarantee consistent vitamin content regardless of natural variation in raw materials.

Pteroylmonoglutamic Acid, Pteroylglutamic Acid, Vitamin B9, E920

Folic acid is a synthetic form of vitamin B9, originally derived from plant sources but produced for pet food as a stable, bioavailable compound. Its primary purpose is to support cell division, DNA synthesis, and overall growth in pets. Folic acid is not used in its natural state; instead, it is utilised as a manufactured supplement to optimise absorption and efficacy.

Folic acid is included as a synthetic vitamin to ensure nutritional adequacy and meet regulatory requirements for B-vitamin content in pet food. Its addition helps standardise nutrient levels across batches, supporting consistent product labelling and animal health.

Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, Tetrasodium Diphosphate, E450(i), Sodium Diphosphate

Sodium pyrophosphate is a mineral-derived compound formed from sodium and pyrophosphate ions. It is not used in its natural raw mineral state but is instead utilised as a refined salt to ensure safety and effective absorption. Its primary function in pet food is as a texturiser and emulsifier, helping to maintain product consistency and improve palatability for pets.

Sodium pyrophosphate is included as a functional additive to improve product texture and maintain colour stability in pet food. It also acts as a preservative to extend shelf life and prevent undesirable changes during storage.

Sodium Phosphate Dibasic, E339(ii), Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate, Dibasic Sodium Phosphate

Disodium phosphate is a mineral-derived compound formed from sodium and phosphorus, typically sourced from inorganic mineral salts. It is utilised in pet food as a specific salt, not in its raw mineral state, to ensure safety and optimal absorption. Its primary function is to regulate acidity and support phosphorus balance, contributing to healthy metabolism and bone development in pets.

Disodium phosphate is included as a functional processing aid to regulate acidity and improve the texture and stability of the final product. Its use can also help optimise shelf life and maintain product consistency during manufacturing.

Calgon, Hexasodium Metaphosphate, E452i, Graham's Salt

Sodium hexametaphosphate is a synthetic mineral compound derived from sodium and phosphate, commonly used in pet food formulations. Its primary function is to support dental health by helping to reduce tartar formation on teeth. Unlike naturally occurring minerals, sodium hexametaphosphate is not used in its raw state but is specifically formulated as a safe, bioavailable salt to optimise efficacy and absorption.

Sodium hexametaphosphate is included as a functional additive to help reduce tartar buildup on pets’ teeth, supporting dental health claims. It also acts as a stabiliser to improve product shelf life and maintain texture.

Trimethylethanolamine Chloride, Choline Monochloride, E1001, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-Trimethylethanaminium Chloride

Choline chloride is a synthetic compound derived from choline, an essential nutrient typically sourced from plant or animal origins. It is primarily included in pet food to support healthy brain function, liver metabolism, and cellular structure. Choline is not used in its natural state; instead, it is utilised as choline chloride to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption in pet diets.

Choline chloride is included as an essential nutrient to support normal liver function and brain health in pets. It is a cost-effective way to meet regulatory requirements for choline content in complete and balanced pet foods.

L-Lysine, 2,6-Diaminohexanoic Acid, E640, L-2,6-Diaminohexanoic Acid

Lysine is an essential amino acid derived from animal or plant protein sources. It plays a critical role in protein synthesis, supporting muscle development and immune function in pets. Lysine cannot be produced by the body and must be supplied through the diet. It is not used in its raw form but is typically included as a purified amino acid to optimise bioavailability and nutritional balance.

Lysine is included as an essential amino acid to ensure the pet food meets the complete nutritional requirements for dogs, supporting healthy growth and maintenance. Its addition allows manufacturers to optimise protein quality, especially when using plant-based or mixed protein sources.

Magnesia, E530, Magnesium(II) Oxide, Calcined Magnesia

Magnesium oxide is an inorganic compound derived from the mineral magnesium, typically sourced from natural deposits. It is utilised in pet food as a supplemental source of magnesium, an essential mineral that supports nerve, muscle, and bone health. Rather than its raw metallic form, magnesium is provided as magnesium oxide to optimise safety, stability, and bioavailability for pets.

Magnesium oxide is included as a cost-effective mineral supplement to ensure adequate magnesium levels in the diet, supporting essential metabolic functions. Its use allows manufacturers to meet nutritional requirements efficiently without significantly impacting product cost or palatability.

2-Aminoethanesulphonic Acid, L-Taurine, E107, 2-Aminoethane-1-Sulphonic Acid

Taurine is a naturally occurring amino sulfonic acid derived from animal sources, particularly meat and fish. It is added to pet food to support cardiovascular health, vision, and proper immune function, especially in cats who cannot synthesise it sufficiently. Taurine is not used in its raw form; instead, it is incorporated as a purified, synthesised compound to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption.

Taurine is included to ensure adequate levels of this essential amino acid, particularly in diets where animal protein content may be insufficient to meet canine or feline nutritional requirements. Its addition supports cardiovascular health and is often used to address consumer concerns about diet-associated heart issues.