Bone and Joint Support Chicken Grain Free Adult Dry Dog Food

Rendered Poultry Meal, Hydrolysed Poultry Meal, Dehydrated Poultry Protein, Gallus Spp. Meal

Summary

Poultry meal is a high-protein ingredient derived from the clean, rendered parts of poultry, such as chicken or turkey, excluding feathers, heads, feet, and entrails. Sourced from animal origin, it serves as a concentrated protein source to support muscle maintenance and overall health. Poultry meal is not used in its whole food form but as a processed, dried, and ground meal to optimise digestibility and nutrient density.

Manufacturer Benefits

Poultry meal is included as a concentrated, cost-effective protein source that provides essential amino acids for pet nutrition. Its use allows manufacturers to optimise protein content while maintaining product affordability and consistent quality.

Ipomoea Batatas, Kumara, Batata, Camote

Summary

Sweet potato is a root vegetable of plant origin, valued for its rich content of complex carbohydrates, dietary fibre, and essential micronutrients such as vitamin A. In pet food, sweet potato serves primarily as a digestible energy source and supports digestive health. It is incorporated in its natural, whole form, ensuring optimal nutrient retention and palatability for companion animals.

Manufacturer Benefits

Sweet potato is included as a cost-effective, highly digestible carbohydrate source that provides energy and dietary fibre. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient appealing to consumers seeking natural, whole-food components in pet food.

Garbanzo Beans, Cicer Arietinum, Bengal Gram, Egyptian Pea

Summary

Chickpeas are edible legumes derived from the plant Cicer arietinum, commonly cultivated for their high nutritional value. As a plant-based ingredient, chickpeas are primarily included in pet food for their rich protein, fibre, and complex carbohydrate content, supporting digestive health and sustained energy. Chickpeas are used in their natural, whole form, ensuring optimal nutrient retention and digestibility for pets.

Manufacturer Benefits

Chickpeas are included as a cost-effective carbohydrate and protein source, providing bulk and nutritional value while supporting grain-free product labelling. Their use can also enhance the fibre content and appeal to consumers seeking plant-based or alternative ingredients.

Pisum Sativum, Garden Pea, Green Pea, Field Pea

Summary

Peas are a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the seeds of the Pisum sativum plant. They are primarily included in pet food for their high protein content, dietary fibre, and essential micronutrients, supporting digestive health and energy. Peas are used in their natural, whole form, ensuring the retention of their nutritional value and functional benefits within the finished product.

Manufacturer Benefits

Peas are included as a cost-effective source of protein, fibre, and carbohydrates, helping to optimise nutritional content while supporting product texture. They also serve as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking grain-free or plant-based options.

Rendered Poultry Fat, Gallus Spp. Oil, Chicken Fat, Avian Fat

Summary

Poultry oil is a fat derived from the rendered tissues of poultry, making it an animal-based ingredient. It serves primarily as a concentrated energy source and enhances palatability in pet foods. Poultry oil is utilised in a refined, purified form rather than as a raw fat, ensuring safety, stability, and optimal absorption of essential fatty acids for pets.

Manufacturer Benefits

Poultry oil is included as a cost-effective source of animal fat, providing essential energy and enhancing palatability to encourage pet consumption. Its use also supports desirable texture and aroma in the finished product.

Tocopherols, E306, Natural Tocopherols Concentrate, D-Alpha Tocopherol Concentrate

Summary

Mixed tocopherols are a blend of compounds derived from plant oils, primarily functioning as a source of vitamin E. Their main purpose in pet food is to act as natural antioxidants, helping to preserve the freshness of fats and oils. Rather than being used in their isolated, pure form, mixed tocopherols are incorporated as stabilised extracts to optimise safety, efficacy, and nutrient retention.

Manufacturer Benefits

Mixed tocopherols are included as a natural preservative to extend shelf life by slowing the oxidation of fats and oils in pet food. They are often used as a label-friendly alternative to synthetic preservatives to appeal to consumer preferences for natural ingredients.

Rosmarinus Officinalis Extract, E392, Rosemary Oleoresin, Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract

Summary

Rosemary extract is a plant-derived ingredient obtained from the leaves of the rosemary herb (Rosmarinus officinalis). It is primarily included in pet food as a natural antioxidant, helping to preserve fats and oils and extend shelf life. Rosemary extract is used in its natural form, ensuring the retention of its beneficial compounds without chemical alteration.

Manufacturer Benefits

Rosemary extract is included as a natural preservative to help extend shelf life by inhibiting oxidation of fats and oils. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking natural additives.

Spinacia Oleracea, English Spinach, Common Spinach, Garden Spinach

Summary

Spinach is a leafy green vegetable of plant origin, valued for its rich content of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. In pet food, spinach primarily provides dietary fibre, iron, and phytonutrients that support overall health and immune function. Spinach is included in its natural form, ensuring pets benefit from its full nutritional profile without synthetic alteration or processing into extracts.

Manufacturer Benefits

Spinach is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers and enhance the perceived nutritional value of the product. It may also provide a modest source of vitamins and minerals, supporting marketing claims of added health benefits.

Daucus Carota, Daucus Carota Root, Daucus Carota Sativa, Wild Carrot

Summary

Carrot is a root vegetable of plant origin, widely recognised for its vibrant orange colour and natural sweetness. In pet food, carrot is included in its natural, whole form to provide dietary fibre, beta-carotene (a precursor to vitamin A), and antioxidants. Its primary benefit is supporting digestive health and immune function, while also contributing to overall palatability and nutritional diversity.

Manufacturer Benefits

Carrot is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to consumers seeking recognisable, natural components and to enhance the product’s perceived nutritional value. It may also provide a modest source of fibre and vitamins, supporting marketing claims of added health benefits.

Cucurbita Pepo, Cucurbita Maxima, Cucurbita Moschata, Pepo

Summary

Pumpkin is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the fruit of the Cucurbita pepo species. It is primarily included in pet food for its dietary fibre content, which supports digestive health and regularity. Pumpkin is used in its natural form, either as fresh, cooked, or dehydrated flesh, providing a source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants beneficial to overall wellbeing.

Manufacturer Benefits

Pumpkin is included as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking natural and recognisable components, while also serving as a cost-effective source of fibre and moisture to support digestive health and product texture. Its inclusion can enhance marketing appeal without significantly increasing formulation costs.

Curcuma Longa, Indian Saffron, Jiang Huang, E100

Summary

Turmeric is a vibrant yellow spice derived from the root of the Curcuma longa plant, making it a plant-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting overall health and wellbeing. Turmeric is used in its natural powdered form, ensuring pets benefit from its active compound, curcumin, in a safe and bioavailable manner.

Manufacturer Benefits

Turmeric is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers due to its association with natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties. Its presence may also support marketing claims related to holistic or functional pet foods, despite being used in small quantities with minimal direct nutritional impact for pets.

Solanum Lycopersicum, Lycopersicon Esculentum, E620, Love Apple

Summary

Tomato is a fruit derived from the Solanum lycopersicum plant, commonly included in pet food for its natural antioxidant content, particularly lycopene and vitamin C. Its primary benefit is supporting immune health and providing dietary fibre. In pet food, tomato is used in its natural form, ensuring the retention of its nutritional properties and bioactive compounds for optimal health benefits.

Manufacturer Benefits

Tomato is included as a source of vitamins, antioxidants, and fibre, supporting the nutritional profile of the product for marketing appeal. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that resonates with health-conscious consumers.

Vaccinium Macrocarpon, American Cranberry, Large Cranberry, Bearberry

Summary

Cranberry is a small, red berry derived from the Vaccinium macrocarpon plant, making it a plant-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its antioxidant properties and potential support of urinary tract health. Cranberry is used in its natural, whole form, ensuring pets benefit from its full spectrum of phytonutrients, vitamins, and dietary fibre.

Manufacturer Benefits

Cranberry is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers and enhance product marketability. It may also serve as a natural source of antioxidants, supporting the product’s functional claims.

Vaccinium Corymbosum, Vaccinium Angustifolium, Bilberry, E163

Summary

Blueberry is a small, nutrient-rich fruit of plant origin, commonly sourced from the Vaccinium genus. It is included in pet food primarily for its antioxidant properties, supporting immune health and cellular protection. Blueberry is used in its natural, whole form, ensuring pets benefit from its full spectrum of vitamins, fibre, and phytonutrients as found in fresh fruit.

Manufacturer Benefits

Blueberry is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers, leveraging its reputation as a source of antioxidants. Its presence supports marketing claims of added nutritional benefits, though it is typically used in small quantities with minimal impact on the overall nutritional profile for pets.

Hydrolysed Poultry Digest, Poultry Hydrolysate, Poultry Protein Hydrolysate, Hydrolysed Poultry Protein

Summary

Poultry digest is a flavourful ingredient derived from the enzymatic hydrolysis of poultry tissues, making it an animal-origin product. Its primary purpose is to enhance palatability, encouraging pets to consume their food. Poultry digest is not used in its raw form; instead, it is processed into a liquid or powder to optimise flavour delivery and ensure safety and digestibility.

Manufacturer Benefits

Poultry digest is included as a palatability enhancer, providing a concentrated flavour that increases the appeal of the food to pets. It is also a cost-effective way to utilise poultry by-products, optimising ingredient use in manufacturing.

E170, Elemental Calcium, Ca, Calcium Metal

Summary

Calcium is an essential mineral derived from natural sources such as limestone or marine shells. It plays a critical role in supporting healthy bone and teeth development, nerve transmission, and muscle function in pets. Calcium is not used in its raw or metallic state; instead, it is utilised in pet food as safe, bioavailable compounds like calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate to optimise absorption.

Manufacturer Benefits

Calcium is included as an essential mineral to support bone development and maintenance in pets, ensuring nutritional adequacy according to regulatory standards. It may also serve as a functional additive to optimise product texture and stability.

E339, Orthophosphate, Inorganic Phosphate, Phosphate Ion

Summary

Phosphorus is an essential mineral element derived from both animal and plant sources. It plays a critical role in supporting healthy bone and tooth development, as well as energy metabolism in pets. In pet food, phosphorus is not used in its natural, raw or metallic state; instead, it is utilised as specific compounds, such as calcium phosphate, to ensure safety and optimal absorption.

Manufacturer Benefits

Phosphorus is included as an essential mineral to support bone development and metabolic functions in pets. Its addition ensures nutritional adequacy and compliance with regulatory labelling standards for complete and balanced pet foods.

Kalium, E340, K, Atomic Number 19

Summary

Potassium is an essential mineral element sourced from the earth and is vital for maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle health in pets. In pet food, potassium is not used in its natural metallic state; instead, it is utilised as safe, bioavailable compounds such as potassium chloride or potassium sulphate to optimise absorption and support overall wellbeing.

Manufacturer Benefits

Potassium is included as an essential mineral to support electrolyte balance and proper muscle and nerve function in pets. Its addition ensures nutritional adequacy and compliance with established pet food nutrient profiles.

Natrium, Na, E524

Summary

Sodium is an essential mineral element sourced from the earth, commonly included in pet food as sodium chloride (table salt) or other safe, bioavailable compounds. It plays a vital role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle function. Sodium is not used in its natural metallic form but is instead utilised as a compound to ensure safety and optimal absorption.

Manufacturer Benefits

Sodium is included as an essential mineral to support normal physiological functions in pets and to help maintain electrolyte balance. It may also be used to enhance palatability and preserve product stability by inhibiting microbial growth.

Chloride Ion, Cl-

Summary

Chloride is an essential mineral element, naturally found in various salts and present in both plant and animal tissues. In pet food, chloride is primarily included to support fluid balance, nerve function, and acid-base regulation. It is not used in its raw or metallic state; instead, chloride is utilised as a compound, commonly sodium chloride, to ensure safety and optimal absorption.

Manufacturer Benefits

Chloride is included as an essential electrolyte to support fluid balance and normal cellular function in pets. Its addition ensures nutritional adequacy and compliance with established pet food nutrient profiles.

Epsom Salt, Mg, Elemental Magnesium, Magnesium Metal

Summary

Magnesium is an essential mineral element sourced from the earth, commonly included in pet food formulations to support muscle function, nerve transmission, and bone health. It is not used in its natural metallic state; instead, magnesium is utilised as a safe, bioavailable compound such as magnesium sulphate or magnesium oxide to optimise absorption and ensure dietary adequacy for pets.

Manufacturer Benefits

Magnesium is included as an essential mineral to support metabolic and neuromuscular functions in pets, fulfilling nutritional requirements for complete and balanced pet food. Its addition ensures compliance with regulatory standards and appeals to consumers seeking scientifically formulated diets.

Ferrum, Fe, E1, Elemental Iron

Summary

Iron is an essential mineral sourced from both animal and plant origins, crucial for oxygen transport and energy metabolism in pets. Its primary benefit is supporting healthy red blood cell formation and preventing anaemia. Iron is not used in its natural, raw, or metallic state; instead, it is utilised in pet food as safe, bioavailable compounds such as iron sulphate or iron proteinate to optimise absorption.

Manufacturer Benefits

Iron is included as an essential mineral to support healthy blood function and overall metabolism in pets. Its addition ensures the product meets nutritional requirements and regulatory standards for complete and balanced pet food.

Cu, ECP, CI 77400, C.I. 77400

Summary

Copper is an essential trace mineral sourced from the earth and is vital for numerous physiological functions in pets. It primarily supports red blood cell formation, connective tissue development, and immune system health. Copper is not used in its natural metallic state; instead, it is incorporated into pet food as safe, bioavailable compounds such as copper sulphate or copper proteinate to optimise absorption and efficacy.

Manufacturer Benefits

Copper is included as an essential trace mineral to meet nutritional requirements for dogs, supporting enzyme function and red blood cell formation. Its addition ensures compliance with regulatory standards for complete and balanced pet food labelling.

E34, Manganum, Mn, EINECS 231-105-1

Summary

Manganese is an essential trace mineral sourced from the earth and is vital for numerous metabolic processes in pets. It primarily supports bone development, enzyme function, and antioxidant defence. Manganese is not used in its natural metallic state; instead, it is incorporated into pet food as a safe, bioavailable compound such as manganese sulphate or manganese oxide to optimise absorption and efficacy.

Manufacturer Benefits

Manganese is included as an essential trace mineral to support metabolic and skeletal health in pets, fulfilling nutritional requirements for complete and balanced pet food. Its addition ensures compliance with regulatory standards and appeals to consumers seeking scientifically formulated diets.

Zn, E579, Zincum, CI 77947

Summary

Zinc is an essential trace mineral sourced from the earth and is vital for numerous biological functions in pets, including immune support and skin health. In pet food, zinc is not used in its natural metallic state; instead, it is utilised as a compound such as zinc sulphate or zinc chelate to optimise safety and absorption, ensuring pets receive its full nutritional benefit.

Manufacturer Benefits

Zinc is included as an essential trace mineral to support immune function, skin health, and overall metabolic processes in pets. Its addition ensures nutritional adequacy and compliance with regulatory labelling standards for complete and balanced pet foods.

Elemental I, E127, Iodum, CAS 7553-56-2

Summary

Iodine is an essential trace mineral sourced primarily from seaweed or mineral deposits. It plays a critical role in supporting healthy thyroid function and hormone production in pets. Iodine is not used in its natural elemental form due to safety and bioavailability concerns; instead, it is typically incorporated as a compound such as potassium iodide or calcium iodate to optimise absorption and efficacy.

Manufacturer Benefits

Iodine is included as an essential trace mineral to support thyroid function and overall metabolic health in pets. Its addition ensures nutritional adequacy and compliance with regulatory labelling standards for complete and balanced pet foods.

Selen, E578, Atomic Number 34, Se

Summary

Selenium is an essential trace mineral sourced from the earth, typically derived from plant or yeast-based compounds for pet food use. It plays a crucial role in supporting antioxidant defences and thyroid function. Selenium is not used in its natural, raw metallic state; instead, it is utilised as a safe, bioavailable compound such as sodium selenite or selenomethionine to optimise absorption and efficacy.

Manufacturer Benefits

Selenium is included as an essential trace mineral to meet nutritional requirements and support overall health in pets. Its addition ensures compliance with regulatory standards for complete and balanced pet food formulations.

Retinol, Retinyl Palmitate, Retinyl Acetate, E160a

Summary

Vitamin A is an essential fat-soluble nutrient derived from animal sources (as retinyl esters) or plant sources (as carotenoids). It supports vision, immune function, and skin health in pets. In pet food, Vitamin A is not used in its raw or natural state but is provided as stabilised compounds (such as retinyl acetate or retinyl palmitate) to ensure safety, stability, and optimal absorption.

Manufacturer Benefits

Vitamin A is included as an essential nutrient to support vision, immune function, and overall health in pets, ensuring the product meets established nutritional standards. Its addition also allows manufacturers to optimise the nutritional profile and comply with regulatory labelling requirements.

Ascorbic Acid, L-Ascorbic Acid, E300, L-Threo-Hex-2-Enono-1,4-Lactone

Summary

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin of plant origin commonly included in pet food formulations. Its primary purpose is to support immune function and act as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from oxidative damage. Vitamin C is not used in its natural fruit form but is instead utilised as a synthesised compound to ensure stability and consistent dosage.

Manufacturer Benefits

Vitamin C is included as an antioxidant to help preserve the freshness and stability of the product by slowing oxidation. It may also be added for its perceived health benefits, supporting marketing claims related to immune support.

Cholecalciferol, Colecalciferol, Calciol, E671

Summary

Vitamin D3, also known as cholecalciferol, is a fat-soluble vitamin of animal origin commonly derived from lanolin or fish oil. It plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, supporting healthy bone development in pets. Vitamin D3 is not used in its natural form but is instead utilised as a stabilised compound to ensure safety, efficacy, and optimal absorption in pet food formulations.

Manufacturer Benefits

Vitamin D3 is included to ensure the finished product meets established nutritional requirements for canine health, supporting bone development and calcium regulation. Its addition allows manufacturers to guarantee consistent vitamin content regardless of natural variation in raw materials.

Tocopherol, Alpha-Tocopherol, E307, D-Alpha-Tocopherol

Summary

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin derived from plant sources such as vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. It functions primarily as an antioxidant, helping to protect cell membranes from oxidative damage and supporting immune health. In pet food, Vitamin E is not used in its natural raw form but is typically utilised as a stabilised compound, such as tocopherol acetate, to optimise safety and absorption.

Manufacturer Benefits

Vitamin E is included as a natural antioxidant to help preserve the freshness and stability of fats and oils in the product, thereby extending shelf life. It also serves as a label-friendly nutrient that appeals to consumers seeking added health benefits for their pets.

Phylloquinone, Phytonadione, Phytomenadione, E415

Summary

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin of synthetic or natural origin, essential for blood clotting and bone health in pets. Its primary function is to support normal coagulation processes and maintain skeletal integrity. In pet food, vitamin K is not used in its natural form but is typically utilised as a safe, bioavailable compound such as menadione sodium bisulphite for optimal absorption and efficacy.

Manufacturer Benefits

Vitamin K is included as an essential nutrient to support normal blood clotting and overall health in pets. Its addition ensures nutritional adequacy and compliance with regulatory labelling standards for complete and balanced pet foods.

Thiamine, Thiamin, Aneurin, E101

Summary

Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, is a water-soluble vitamin of synthetic or plant origin. It plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and supports healthy nerve and muscle function in pets. In pet food, thiamine is not used in its natural raw form but is typically utilised as thiamine mononitrate or thiamine hydrochloride to optimise stability, safety, and absorption.

Manufacturer Benefits

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is included as an essential nutrient to meet regulatory requirements for canine health and to prevent deficiency-related disorders. Its addition ensures nutritional adequacy and supports normal metabolic function in pets.

Riboflavin, E101, Lactoflavin, Vitamin G

Summary

Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is a water-soluble vitamin of synthetic or microbial origin commonly added to pet foods. It plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and supports healthy skin, eyes, and nervous system function. Vitamin B2 is not used in its natural raw form but is instead utilised as riboflavin, a stable compound, to optimise safety and bioavailability in pet diets.

Manufacturer Benefits

Vitamin B2 is included as an essential nutrient to meet dogs’ dietary requirements and support metabolic functions. Its addition ensures nutritional adequacy and compliance with regulatory labelling standards.

Nicotinic Acid, Niacin, Pyridine-3-Carboxylic Acid, E375

Summary

Vitamin B3, also known as niacin, is a water-soluble vitamin of synthetic or natural origin, commonly derived from plant or animal sources. It plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and supports healthy skin and nervous system function. In pet food, Vitamin B3 is not used in its raw form but is typically included as niacinamide or nicotinic acid to optimise safety and absorption.

Manufacturer Benefits

Vitamin B3 is included as an essential nutrient to support metabolic function and overall health in pets. Its addition ensures the product meets nutritional requirements and regulatory standards for complete and balanced pet food.

Pantothenic Acid, D-Pantothenic Acid, Calcium Pantothenate, E315

Summary

Vitamin B5, also known as pantothenic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin of plant and animal origin. It plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and the synthesis of fatty acids, supporting overall cellular function. In pet food, Vitamin B5 is not used in its raw or natural state but is typically included as a stable, bioavailable compound such as calcium pantothenate for optimal absorption.

Manufacturer Benefits

Vitamin B5 is included as an essential nutrient to support metabolic function and overall health in pets. Its addition ensures the product meets nutritional standards and regulatory requirements for complete and balanced pet food.

Pyridoxine, Pyridoxol, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, E101a

Summary

Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin of synthetic or natural origin, commonly derived from plant or animal sources. It plays a crucial role in protein metabolism, red blood cell formation, and nervous system function. In pet food, Vitamin B6 is not used in its raw form but is typically included as a stable compound, such as pyridoxine hydrochloride, to optimise safety and bioavailability.

Manufacturer Benefits

Vitamin B6 is included as an essential nutrient to support metabolic and neurological functions in pets, ensuring the product meets established nutritional standards. Its addition helps manufacturers achieve complete and balanced labelling claims required for commercial pet foods.

Folic Acid, Folate, Pteroylglutamic Acid, E285

Summary

Vitamin B9, also known as folate, is a water-soluble B vitamin of synthetic or natural origin, commonly derived from plant sources or produced as folic acid for supplementation. Its primary role is to support cell division, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell formation. In pet food, Vitamin B9 is not used in its raw form but is typically utilised as folic acid to optimise stability and absorption.

Manufacturer Benefits

Vitamin B9 is included to meet nutritional requirements for dogs, supporting metabolic and cellular functions. Its addition ensures compliance with regulatory standards for complete and balanced pet food labelling.

Cobalamin, Cyanocobalamin, Hydroxocobalamin, Methylcobalamin

Summary

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin of animal origin, essential for nerve function and red blood cell formation in pets. It is primarily included in pet food to support energy metabolism and overall vitality. Vitamin B12 is not used in its natural, raw form but is instead utilised as a specific compound, such as cyanocobalamin, to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption.

Manufacturer Benefits

Vitamin B12 is included as an essential nutrient to support metabolic and neurological functions in pets, ensuring the product meets established nutritional standards. Its addition helps manufacturers achieve complete and balanced labelling claims.

Vitamin B7, Vitamin H, D-Biotin, Coenzyme R

Summary

Biotin is a water-soluble B-vitamin (vitamin B7) of synthetic origin, commonly included in pet foods to support healthy skin, coat, and metabolic function. Its primary benefit is aiding in the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Biotin is not used in its natural, free form but is instead utilised as a stable, bioavailable compound to optimise absorption and efficacy in pets.

Manufacturer Benefits

Biotin is included as an essential vitamin to support skin, coat, and metabolic health in pets, fulfilling nutritional requirements for complete and balanced diets. Its addition also allows manufacturers to highlight the inclusion of key micronutrients on product labelling, appealing to health-conscious consumers.

Trimethylethanolamine, E1001, Choline Base, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-Trimethylethanaminium

Summary

Choline is an essential nutrient of synthetic or natural origin, commonly derived from plant or animal sources. It plays a critical role in supporting brain development, liver function, and fat metabolism in pets. Choline is not used in its raw or elemental state; instead, it is typically utilised as choline chloride or choline bitartrate to ensure safety, stability, and optimal absorption in pet food formulations.

Manufacturer Benefits

Choline is included as an essential nutrient to support normal liver function, brain development, and metabolic processes in pets. Its addition ensures nutritional adequacy and helps manufacturers meet regulatory labelling requirements for complete and balanced pet foods.

Rapeseed Oil, Brassica Napus Oil, Brassica Rapa Oil, E471 (when derived from canola)

Summary

Canola oil is a plant-derived oil extracted from the seeds of the canola plant (Brassica napus). It serves as a valuable source of energy and provides essential fatty acids, particularly omega-3 and omega-6, which support skin and coat health in pets. Canola oil is used in its refined, food-grade form to ensure safety, palatability, and optimal nutrient absorption.

Manufacturer Benefits

Canola oil is included as a cost-effective source of fat and essential fatty acids, supporting energy density and skin and coat health in pet food formulations. It also contributes to product palatability and helps optimise texture.

Dried Sugar Beet Pulp, Sugar Beet Fibre, Beta Vulgaris Pulp, Sugar Beet Residue

Summary

Beet pulp is a fibrous by-product derived from sugar beet plants after sugar extraction. It serves as a valuable source of moderately fermentable fibre, supporting digestive health and stool quality in pets. Beet pulp is incorporated in its dried, processed form rather than as raw beet, ensuring optimal digestibility and nutrient availability for companion animals.

Manufacturer Benefits

Beet pulp is included as a cost-effective source of dietary fibre to promote digestive health and stool quality in pets. It also serves as a bulk-adding agent, helping to optimise product texture and satiety.

Cocos Nucifera Oil, Copra Oil, E472c, Coconut Fat

Summary

Coconut oil is a plant-derived oil extracted from the flesh of mature coconuts. It is primarily included in pet food for its energy-dense medium-chain triglycerides, which support healthy skin, coat, and metabolism. Coconut oil is used in its natural, refined form, ensuring it is safe and readily digestible for pets while delivering its functional nutritional benefits.

Manufacturer Benefits

Coconut oil is included as a source of medium-chain triglycerides, which are marketed for their potential health benefits and digestibility. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking natural or premium pet food formulations.

Fish Liver Oil, Oleum Piscis, Oleum Jecoris, Oleum Piscarium

Summary

Fish oil is a nutrient-rich oil derived from the tissues of oily fish, making it an animal-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its high content of omega-3 fatty acids, which support skin, coat, and joint health. Fish oil is utilised in a purified, liquid form rather than as whole fish, ensuring optimal absorption and safety for pets.

Manufacturer Benefits

Fish oil is included as a source of omega-3 fatty acids to support skin, coat, and joint health, enhancing the nutritional profile of the product. Its presence also serves as a marketing point, appealing to consumers seeking functional health benefits for their pets.

Pentapotassium Triphosphate, STPP, E451(i), Triphosphoric Acid Pentasodium Salt

Summary

Sodium tripolyphosphate is a synthetic compound derived from inorganic sources, commonly used in pet food formulations. Its primary function is to act as a preservative and to help maintain the texture and moisture of products. Sodium tripolyphosphate is not used in its natural mineral form; instead, it is utilised as a processed salt to ensure safety, stability, and optimal absorption.

Manufacturer Benefits

Sodium tripolyphosphate is included as a functional additive to improve product texture and moisture retention, helping maintain palatability and appearance. It also acts as a preservative to extend shelf life and inhibit spoilage.

L-Methionine, 2-Amino-4-(Methylthio)butyric Acid, E620, L-2-Amino-4-(Methylthio)butyric Acid

Summary

Methionine is an essential amino acid derived from animal or plant sources, crucial for protein synthesis and overall metabolic health in pets. It primarily supports healthy skin, coat, and liver function. Methionine is not used in its raw elemental form; instead, it is incorporated as a specific compound, such as DL-methionine, to optimise safety, stability, and bioavailability in pet food formulations.

Manufacturer Benefits

Methionine is included as an essential amino acid to support protein synthesis and overall health in pets, particularly when animal protein sources are limited or variable. It also serves as a cost-effective way to meet nutritional requirements and optimise the amino acid profile of the final product.

2-Aminoethanesulphonic Acid, L-Taurine, E107, 2-Aminoethane-1-Sulphonic Acid

Summary

Taurine is a naturally occurring amino sulfonic acid derived from animal sources, particularly meat and fish. It is added to pet food to support cardiovascular health, vision, and proper immune function, especially in cats who cannot synthesise it sufficiently. Taurine is not used in its raw form; instead, it is incorporated as a purified, synthesised compound to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption.

Manufacturer Benefits

Taurine is included to ensure adequate levels of this essential amino acid, particularly in diets where animal protein content may be insufficient to meet canine or feline nutritional requirements. Its addition supports cardiovascular health and is often used to address consumer concerns about diet-associated heart issues.

Salvia Hispanica, Salvia Hispanica Seed, Salba, Salvia Hispanica L.

Summary

Chia seed is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the Salvia hispanica plant, native to Central and South America. It is primarily included in pet food for its rich content of omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fibre, and antioxidants, supporting skin, coat, and digestive health. Chia seed is used in its natural, whole form, ensuring optimal nutrient retention and bioavailability for pets.

Manufacturer Benefits

Chia seed is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers, as it is associated with omega-3 fatty acids and fibre. It may also provide a minor functional benefit as a source of plant-based nutrients and aid in product marketing.

Oligofructose, FOS, Oligofructan, E968

Summary

Fructooligosaccharides are short-chain carbohydrates derived from plant sources such as chicory root. They serve primarily as prebiotics, supporting digestive health by promoting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Fructooligosaccharides are not used in their whole plant form but are extracted and purified for inclusion in pet food, ensuring optimal efficacy and digestibility for companion animals.

Manufacturer Benefits

Fructooligosaccharides are included as a prebiotic fibre to support digestive health by promoting beneficial gut bacteria. They also serve as a label-friendly functional ingredient that can enhance the perceived nutritional value of the product.

Mojave Yucca, Spanish Dagger, Soapweed, Yucca Extract

Summary

Yucca Schidigera is a plant extract derived from the stem of the Yucca schidigera plant, native to arid regions of North America. It is primarily included in pet food to help reduce stool odour by binding ammonia and other waste compounds. Yucca Schidigera is utilised in a processed extract form, rather than as the whole plant, to optimise its functional benefits and safety.

Manufacturer Benefits

Yucca Schidigera is included as a natural deodorising agent to reduce stool and urine odour in pets. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking natural additives.

2-Amino-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose, D-Glucosamine, Chitosamine, 2-Amino-2-Deoxyglucose

Summary

Glucosamine is an amino sugar compound typically derived from shellfish or produced synthetically. It is included in pet food primarily to support joint health by aiding cartilage maintenance and repair. Glucosamine is not used in its natural raw form; instead, it is utilised as a stabilised compound, such as glucosamine hydrochloride or glucosamine sulphate, to optimise safety, stability, and absorption in pets.

Manufacturer Benefits

Glucosamine is included as a functional additive to support joint health and mobility, particularly in senior or large-breed pets. Its presence also serves as a marketing feature, appealing to consumers seeking products with perceived health benefits for their pets.

Schizochytrium Sp., Algal Oil (Schizochytrium Sp.), Docosahexaenoic Acid (Schizochytrium Sp.), Microalgal DHA (Schizochytrium Sp.)

Summary

DHA Gold™ is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the microalgae Schizochytrium sp. It is primarily included in pet food as a rich source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid essential for cognitive development and visual health. Rather than using whole algae, DHA Gold™ is utilised as a refined oil extract to optimise bioavailability and ensure consistent quality.

Manufacturer Benefits

DHA Gold™ is included as a concentrated source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, to support cognitive development and visual function in pets. Its use allows manufacturers to make label claims regarding brain and eye health, enhancing product appeal to health-conscious consumers.

Chondroitin Sulfate, Chondroitin Polysulphate, Chonsurid, Haliotis Spp. Chondroitin Sulphate

Summary

Chondroitin sulphate is a compound derived from animal cartilage, commonly sourced from bovine or marine origins. It is primarily included in pet food to support joint health by aiding cartilage structure and function. Chondroitin is not used in its natural raw state; instead, it is utilised as a purified sulphated glycosaminoglycan to optimise safety, stability, and absorption in companion animals.

Manufacturer Benefits

Chondroitin sulphate is included as a functional ingredient to support joint health, appealing to consumers seeking products with perceived mobility benefits for their pets. Its presence also serves a marketing purpose by enhancing the product’s value proposition in the premium and senior pet food segments.