Nourish Nutrition Joint+ Support

Caprine Meat, Chevon, Capra Hircus Meat, Capra Meat

Goat meat is a high-quality animal-derived protein sourced from goats. It is included in pet food primarily for its rich protein content, essential amino acids, and beneficial micronutrients such as iron and zinc. Goat meat is used in its natural, whole food form, providing a highly digestible and palatable protein source that supports muscle maintenance and overall health in pets.

Goat meat is included as a novel animal protein source to appeal to consumers seeking alternative or hypoallergenic options for pets with sensitivities. It also serves as a premium ingredient to enhance product positioning and justify a higher price point.

Capra Hircus Liver, Caprine Liver, Capra Liver, Caprine Hepatic Tissue

Goat liver is an animal-derived organ meat sourced from goats. It is included in pet food primarily for its rich content of high-quality protein, essential amino acids, and vital micronutrients such as vitamin A, iron, and B vitamins. Goat liver is used in its natural, whole food form, providing a highly bioavailable source of nutrients to support overall pet health.

Goat liver is included as a nutrient-dense organ meat to provide a natural source of protein, vitamins, and minerals, supporting the nutritional profile of the product. Its inclusion also enhances palatability, making the food more appealing to pets.

Capra Hircus Kidney, Caprine Kidney, Ren Caprinum, Ren Capra Hircus

Goat kidney is an animal-derived organ meat sourced from goats. It is included in pet food primarily for its rich content of high-quality protein, essential vitamins such as B12, and minerals like iron and selenium, supporting overall health and vitality. Goat kidney is used in its natural, whole food form, providing a biologically appropriate source of nutrients for pets.

Goat kidney is included as a novel animal protein source to diversify amino acid profiles and appeal to consumers seeking alternative or limited-ingredient diets. Its use can also enhance product marketing by highlighting unique or premium animal ingredients.

Capra Hircus Trachea, Caprine Trachea, Caprine Windpipe, Capra Hircus Windpipe

Goat trachea is an animal-derived ingredient sourced from the windpipe of goats. It is primarily included in pet food for its natural content of glucosamine and chondroitin, which support joint health and mobility. Goat trachea is used in its natural, whole form, providing both nutritional benefits and a source of natural chewing enrichment for pets.

Goat trachea is included as a novel protein source that provides natural glucosamine and chondroitin, supporting joint health claims for marketing differentiation. Its unique origin also appeals to consumers seeking alternative or hypoallergenic ingredients for their pets.

Capra Hircus Heart, Caprine Heart, Capra Hircus Cardiac Muscle, Caprine Cardiac Muscle

Goat heart is an animal-derived organ meat sourced from goats. It is included in pet food primarily for its rich protein content and as a natural source of essential vitamins and minerals, such as iron, zinc, and B vitamins. Goat heart is used in its natural, whole food form, providing highly bioavailable nutrients to support muscle development and overall health in pets.

Goat heart is included as a nutrient-dense organ meat, providing a natural source of protein, essential amino acids, and micronutrients to support canine health. Its use can also enhance product palatability and appeal to consumers seeking whole-prey or novel protein formulations.

Capra Hircus Lung, Caprine Lung, Pulmo Caprae, Capra Lung

Goat lung is an animal-derived ingredient sourced from the respiratory organ of goats. It is primarily included in pet food for its high protein content and as a source of essential amino acids, supporting muscle maintenance and overall health. Goat lung is used in its natural, whole-food form, providing a novel protein option that may benefit pets with common protein sensitivities.

Goat lung is included as a novel animal protein source to diversify protein options and appeal to consumers seeking alternative or hypoallergenic ingredients. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that can enhance product differentiation in the premium pet food market.

Salmon Flesh, Salmo Spp., Salmon Fillet, Salmon Muscle

Salmon meat is the muscle tissue derived from the salmon fish, an animal-based ingredient valued for its high-quality protein and rich omega-3 fatty acid content. Its primary nutritional benefit is supporting healthy skin, coat, and cognitive function in pets. Salmon meat is incorporated in its natural form, ensuring optimal nutrient availability and palatability in premium pet food formulations.

Salmon meat is included as a high-quality protein and omega-3 fatty acid source to support pet health and enhance the nutritional profile of the product. Its presence also serves as a premium, label-friendly ingredient that appeals to health-conscious consumers.

Ovine Stomach, Sheep Stomach, Ovis Aries Stomach, Ovis Aries Tripe

Lamb tripe is the edible stomach lining of sheep, categorised as an animal-derived ingredient. It is a rich source of protein, essential fatty acids, and key micronutrients, supporting muscle maintenance and overall health in pets. Lamb tripe is included in its natural, whole-food form, providing both nutritional value and palatability to premium pet foods.

Lamb tripe is included as a highly palatable protein source that can enhance the flavour and appeal of pet food, encouraging consumption. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking novel or natural animal-based components.

Ovine Heart, Sheep Heart, Ovis Aries Heart, Ovis Aries Cardiac Muscle

Lamb heart is an animal-derived ingredient sourced from the heart muscle of lambs. It is included in pet food primarily for its high-quality protein and rich supply of essential nutrients such as B vitamins, iron, and taurine, supporting muscle health and overall vitality. Lamb heart is used in its natural, whole-food form, ensuring optimal nutrient availability and palatability for pets.

Lamb heart is included as a nutrient-dense organ meat to provide high-quality protein, essential amino acids, and micronutrients, supporting the product’s nutritional profile. Its inclusion also appeals to consumers seeking premium or species-appropriate ingredients in pet food formulations.

Ovine Spleen, Sheep Spleen, Ovis Aries Spleen, Ovis Aries Organ

Lamb spleen is an animal-derived organ meat sourced from sheep. It is included in pet food primarily for its rich content of protein, iron, and essential vitamins such as B12, supporting healthy blood and immune function. Lamb spleen is used in its natural, whole-food form, providing a highly bioavailable source of nutrients for optimal pet health.

Lamb spleen is included as a nutrient-dense organ meat to enhance the protein and micronutrient profile of the product. Its presence also supports marketing claims of using whole-prey or natural animal ingredients, appealing to consumers seeking biologically appropriate diets for pets.

Malus Domestica, Pyrus Malus, Malus Pumila, E Malus

Apple is a fruit derived from the Malus domestica tree, classified as a plant-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its dietary fibre, natural antioxidants, and vitamins, supporting digestive health and immune function. Apple is used in its natural, whole form, ensuring pets benefit from its inherent nutrients without synthetic alteration or processing into extracts or concentrates.

Apple is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to consumers seeking recognisable, natural components in pet food. It may also provide a modest source of fibre and natural sweetness to enhance palatability.

Citrus Sinensis, Sweet Orange, Navel Orange, Valencia Orange

Orange is a citrus fruit of plant origin, valued for its rich vitamin C content and natural antioxidants. In pet food, orange is primarily included to support immune health and provide dietary fibre. This ingredient is used in its natural form, typically as dried or powdered orange, ensuring pets benefit from its nutrients and bioactive compounds without synthetic alteration.

Orange is included as a natural source of vitamins, particularly vitamin C, and antioxidants, which can be highlighted for marketing purposes to appeal to health-conscious consumers. It may also contribute to palatability and provide a label-friendly ingredient that enhances the perceived nutritional value of the product.

Lucerne, Medicago Sativa, Lucerne Grass, Purple Medick

Alfalfa is a nutrient-rich plant ingredient derived from the Medicago sativa species, commonly used in premium pet foods. It serves as a natural source of dietary fibre, vitamins, and minerals, supporting digestive health and overall wellbeing. Alfalfa is included in its natural, dried form, ensuring pets benefit from its full spectrum of nutrients without synthetic alteration.

Alfalfa is included as a cost-effective source of plant protein, fibre, and micronutrients, contributing to the nutritional profile of the product. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking natural or wholesome additions in pet food.

Flaxseed Oil, Oleum Lini, E401, Linum Usitatissimum Oil

Linseed oil, derived from the seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum), is a plant-based ingredient valued for its high content of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which supports skin and coat health in pets. In pet food, linseed oil is utilised in its natural, cold-pressed form to optimise nutrient retention and bioavailability.

Linseed oil is included as a source of omega-3 fatty acids to support skin and coat health, providing a plant-based alternative to fish oils. Its presence also allows manufacturers to market the product as containing beneficial oils for overall wellbeing.

Trimethylglycine, Glycine Betaine, N,N,N-Trimethylglycine, E1001

Betaine is a naturally occurring compound derived from plants, most commonly sugar beet. It serves primarily as a methyl donor, supporting cellular function and aiding in liver health. In pet food, betaine is utilised in its purified, extracted form rather than as a whole food, ensuring optimal bioavailability and safety for companion animals. Its inclusion helps maintain hydration and supports metabolic processes.

Betaine is included as a functional ingredient to support cellular hydration and methylation processes, which can contribute to overall pet health. It may also be used to enhance feed efficiency and improve product stability during processing.

Hen Egg, Chicken Egg, Gallus Gallus Domesticus Egg, Avian Egg

Egg is an animal-derived ingredient sourced from poultry, commonly used in pet food for its high-quality protein and essential amino acids. It provides vital nutrients that support muscle development and overall health. In pet food, egg is typically included in its natural, whole form—either as dried or fresh egg—ensuring optimal digestibility and nutrient availability for pets.

Egg is included as a high-quality, bioavailable protein source to support muscle development and overall nutrition. It also enhances the product’s nutritional profile, appealing to consumers seeking premium or natural pet food options.

Perna Canaliculus, New Zealand Green Mussel, Greenshell Mussel, Kuku

Green lipped mussel is a marine animal ingredient sourced from the coastal waters of New Zealand. It is primarily included in pet food for its rich content of omega-3 fatty acids, glucosamine, and chondroitin, which support joint health and reduce inflammation. Green lipped mussel is used in its natural, whole form, ensuring optimal nutrient availability and bioactivity for pets.

Green lipped mussel is included as a functional ingredient to provide natural sources of omega-3 fatty acids and joint-supporting nutrients, supporting product differentiation and marketing claims related to joint health. Its presence also appeals to consumers seeking premium or holistic pet food formulations.

Phaseolus Vulgaris, String Beans, Snap Beans, Haricot Vert

Green beans are the immature pods of the common bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris), originating from a plant source. They are included in pet food primarily for their dietary fibre content, which supports digestive health, and as a source of vitamins and minerals. Green beans are used in their natural, whole form, providing a minimally processed, nutrient-rich ingredient for balanced pet nutrition.

Green beans are included as a label-friendly vegetable ingredient to appeal to pet owners seeking recognisable, whole-food components. They also provide a cost-effective source of fibre and bulk, supporting digestive health and satiety in pet food formulations.

Triticum Aestivum, Wheat Grass Juice, Young Wheat Plant, Green Wheat Shoots

Wheatgrass is the young, green shoots of the common wheat plant (Triticum aestivum), classified as a plant-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its rich supply of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, supporting overall health and immune function. Wheatgrass is used in its natural form, typically dried and powdered, to optimise nutrient retention and digestibility for pets.

Wheatgrass is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers, enhancing the perceived nutritional value of the product. It may also provide trace vitamins and antioxidants, though its functional impact on pet nutrition is minimal at typical inclusion rates.

Lactuca Sativa, Garden Lettuce, Head Lettuce, Cos Lettuce

Lettuce is a leafy green vegetable of plant origin, commonly included in pet foods for its fibre content and low-calorie profile. It primarily supports digestive health and hydration due to its high water content. In pet food formulations, lettuce is used in its natural, whole form, providing a source of vitamins and minerals while contributing to overall dietary variety.

Lettuce is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to consumers seeking recognisable vegetables in pet food formulations. It provides minimal nutritional value to dogs but can serve as a low-cost bulk-adding agent.

Vaccinium Corymbosum, Vaccinium Angustifolium, Bilberry, E163

Blueberry is a small, nutrient-rich fruit of plant origin, commonly sourced from the Vaccinium genus. It is included in pet food primarily for its antioxidant properties, supporting immune health and cellular protection. Blueberry is used in its natural, whole form, ensuring pets benefit from its full spectrum of vitamins, fibre, and phytonutrients as found in fresh fruit.

Blueberry is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers, leveraging its reputation as a source of antioxidants. Its presence supports marketing claims of added nutritional benefits, though it is typically used in small quantities with minimal impact on the overall nutritional profile for pets.

Fragaria × Ananassa, Garden Strawberry, Fragaria Ananassa, Fragaria Spp.

Strawberry is a plant-derived fruit known for its vibrant red colour and natural sweetness. In pet food, strawberry is primarily included as a source of dietary fibre, antioxidants, and vitamin C, supporting immune health and overall wellbeing. Strawberry is used in its natural, whole form, ensuring pets benefit from its full nutritional profile without synthetic alteration.

Strawberry is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to consumers seeking natural and recognisable components in pet food. It may also provide a minor source of antioxidants and vitamins, supporting marketing claims of added nutritional benefits.

Cow Colostrum, Bovine Pre-Milk, Bos Taurus Colostrum, Bos Taurus Pre-Milk

Bovine colostrum is the nutrient-rich first milk produced by cows after giving birth. Sourced from animals, it is valued for its high concentrations of immunoglobulins, growth factors, and bioactive proteins, which support immune health and development in pets. Bovine colostrum is incorporated in its natural, whole-food form, ensuring optimal bioavailability and functional benefits for companion animals.

Bovine colostrum is included as a functional ingredient to support immune health and digestive function, leveraging its bioactive compounds. Its presence also serves as a premium, label-friendly addition that appeals to health-conscious consumers seeking advanced nutrition for their pets.

Curcuma Longa, Indian Saffron, Jiang Huang, E100

Turmeric is a vibrant yellow spice derived from the root of the Curcuma longa plant, making it a plant-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting overall health and wellbeing. Turmeric is used in its natural powdered form, ensuring pets benefit from its active compound, curcumin, in a safe and bioavailable manner.

Turmeric is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers due to its association with natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties. Its presence may also support marketing claims related to holistic or functional pet foods, despite being used in small quantities with minimal direct nutritional impact for pets.

Ispaghula, Ispaghula Husk, Plantago Ovata, Blond Psyllium

Psyllium is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the husks of Plantago ovata seeds. It is primarily included in pet food for its high soluble fibre content, which supports digestive health and helps regulate bowel movements. Psyllium is used in its natural husk form, allowing pets to benefit from its gentle bulking and water-absorbing properties to optimise gastrointestinal function.

Psyllium is included as a functional fibre source to support digestive health and promote regular bowel movements in pets. It also serves as a bulk-adding agent, helping to optimise stool quality and moisture content.

Laminaria Spp., Macrocystis Pyrifera, Ascophyllum Nodosum, Brown Seaweed

Kelp is a type of large, edible seaweed sourced from marine environments and classified as a plant-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its rich supply of natural iodine, which supports healthy thyroid function. Kelp is used in its dried, ground natural form, allowing pets to benefit from its trace minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants in a bioavailable manner.

Kelp is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers and enhance product marketing, as it is associated with natural sources of vitamins and minerals. It may also serve as a trace mineral supplement to support nutritional completeness in pet food formulations.

Chlorella Vulgaris, Chlorella Pyrenoidosa, Chlorella Spp., E140

Chlorella is a type of freshwater green algae of plant origin, valued for its rich nutrient profile, including protein, vitamins, and chlorophyll. It is primarily included in pet food for its antioxidant properties and to support immune health. Chlorella is used in its natural, whole-cell form, ensuring pets benefit from its complete nutritional spectrum as found in nature.

Chlorella is included as a nutrient-dense algae to enhance the micronutrient profile and provide a natural source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Its presence also serves a marketing function, appealing to consumers seeking superfood ingredients in pet food formulations.

Arthrospira Platensis, Arthrospira Maxima, Blue-Green Algae, E161b

Spirulina is a blue-green algae derived from freshwater sources and is classified as a plant-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its rich protein content and as a source of essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, supporting immune health and vitality. Spirulina is used in its natural, dried whole-food form, ensuring optimal nutrient availability and digestibility for pets.

Spirulina is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers, leveraging its reputation as a nutrient-rich superfood. It may also provide trace micronutrients and natural colour, supporting marketing claims of added nutritional value.

Caprae Whey, Capra Whey, Capra Aegagrus Hircus Whey, Caprae Lac Whey

Goat whey is a liquid by-product derived from the cheese-making process using goat’s milk, making it an animal-origin ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its high-quality protein content and bioavailable nutrients, supporting muscle maintenance and overall health. Goat whey is used in its natural, liquid or dried form, ensuring optimal digestibility and nutrient retention for pets.

Goat whey is included as a highly digestible protein source that can enhance the amino acid profile of the product. It may also serve as a label-friendly ingredient appealing to consumers seeking novel or alternative animal proteins.

Live Microorganisms, Beneficial Bacteria, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Bifidobacterium Spp.

Probiotics are live microorganisms, typically derived from beneficial bacterial strains, that are added to pet food to support digestive health and maintain a balanced gut microbiome. Their primary function is to promote healthy digestion and enhance immune function. Probiotics are not used in their natural, raw state but are carefully cultured and stabilised to ensure viability and efficacy when incorporated into pet food formulations.

Probiotics are included to support digestive health and promote a balanced gut microbiome in pets, which can be a key marketing point for health-conscious consumers. Their addition also allows manufacturers to differentiate products in a competitive market by highlighting functional health benefits.

Zingiber Officinale, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Sheng Jiang, Gan Jiang

Ginger is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale. It is primarily included in pet food for its natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting digestive health and overall wellbeing. Ginger is used in its natural, dried, or powdered form, ensuring pets benefit from its bioactive compounds without the need for chemical modification or synthetic processing.

Ginger is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers and enhance the perceived nutritional value of the product. It may also be used for its natural flavouring properties to improve palatability.

Allium Sativum, Allium Sativum Bulb, Eaten Garlic, Ajo

Garlic is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the bulb of Allium sativum. It is included in pet food primarily for its natural antioxidant properties and potential to support immune health. In pet food formulations, garlic is used in its natural, dried, or powdered form rather than as a raw bulb, ensuring safe inclusion levels and optimal nutrient availability.

Garlic is included in pet food formulations primarily as a label-friendly ingredient, appealing to consumers due to its perceived health benefits and natural origin. Its functional contribution to the animal is minimal at the low inclusion rates used, serving more as a marketing tool than a nutritional or palatability enhancer.

Cider Vinegar, Malus Domestica Vinegar, Acetic Acid Solution (Malus Domestica), Fermented Apple Vinegar

Apple cider vinegar is a liquid derived from the fermentation of apple juice, making it a plant-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its potential to support digestive health and act as a natural preservative. Apple cider vinegar is used in its natural liquid form, not as a concentrated extract or synthetic compound, ensuring safety and palatability for pets.

Apple cider vinegar is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers and enhance product marketability. It may also serve a minor functional role in supporting palatability and mild preservation.

Ganoderma Lucidum, Lingzhi, Mannentake, Yeongji

Reishi mushroom is a type of medicinal fungus originating from the Ganoderma lucidum species, valued for its bioactive compounds. Sourced from plant origins, it is primarily included in pet food for its potential immune-modulating and antioxidant properties. Reishi mushroom is used in its natural, dried, and powdered form, ensuring the preservation of its beneficial constituents for optimal pet health support.

Reishi mushroom is included as a functional ingredient to support marketing claims related to immune health and overall wellness, appealing to health-conscious pet owners. Its addition allows manufacturers to differentiate their product and enhance label appeal, despite limited direct nutritional benefit for dogs.

Hericium Erinaceus, Yamabushitake, Monkey Head Mushroom, Houtou

Lion’s Mane Mushroom is a functional fungus sourced from the Hericium erinaceus species, valued for its unique bioactive compounds. Originating from the plant kingdom, it is included in pet food for its potential cognitive and immune-supporting properties. Lion’s Mane Mushroom is used in its natural, whole form, ensuring pets benefit from its full spectrum of naturally occurring nutrients and antioxidants.

Lion’s Mane Mushroom is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers seeking functional or superfood additives in pet food. It may also be used for its perceived health benefits, supporting marketing claims without significantly impacting formulation cost or palatability.

Ophiocordyceps Sinensis, Caterpillar Fungus, Dong Chong Xia Cao, Tochukaso

Cordyceps is a type of functional mushroom originating from fungi, traditionally found in high-altitude regions. It is included in pet food for its potential to support immune function and overall vitality. Cordyceps is used in its natural, dried, and powdered form, rather than as a raw fungus, to optimise safety, digestibility, and nutrient availability for pets.

Cordyceps is included as a functional ingredient to position the product as premium and to appeal to health-conscious consumers, leveraging its reputation for potential immune and vitality benefits. Its presence serves primarily as a marketing differentiator, as the actual impact on pet health at typical inclusion rates is not well established.

Rosa Canina, Rose Haw, Dog Rose, Cynosbati

Rosehip is the fruit of the wild rose plant, primarily sourced from Rosa canina. It is included in pet food for its rich content of vitamin C, antioxidants, and dietary fibre, supporting immune health and overall wellbeing. Rosehip is used in its natural, dried, and ground form, ensuring pets benefit from its nutrients as they occur in the whole fruit.

Rosehip is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers, as it is associated with natural sources of vitamin C and antioxidants. Its addition may also support marketing claims related to immune health, despite limited direct benefits for pets at typical inclusion rates.

Urtica Dioica, Stinging Nettle, Common Nettle, Urtica Spp.

Nettle is a leafy green plant ingredient derived from the stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), commonly found in temperate regions. It is included in pet food primarily for its natural source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, supporting overall health and wellbeing. Nettle is used in its natural, dried form, ensuring pets benefit from its nutrients without the stinging properties present in the fresh plant.

Nettle is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to health-conscious consumers, leveraging its association with natural botanicals. It may also be used for its perceived functional benefits, such as providing trace nutrients or antioxidants, though its impact on pet nutrition is minimal at typical inclusion rates.

Cassava, Manioc, Manihot Esculenta, Tapioca

Yucca is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the Yucca schidigera plant, native to arid regions. It is primarily included in pet food for its natural saponins, which help reduce faecal odour and support digestive health. Yucca is used in its natural, whole plant extract form, ensuring the beneficial compounds are retained and safely delivered in the final product.

Yucca is included as a natural deodorising agent to help reduce stool odour in pet food. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking plant-based additives.

Humic Acid Fraction, Fulvate, Fulvates, Humic Substances

Fulvic acid is an organic compound derived from the decomposition of plant material, categorised as a naturally occurring substance. It is primarily included in pet food for its potential to enhance nutrient absorption and support gut health. Fulvic acid is not used in its raw, unrefined state; instead, it is utilised as a purified extract to ensure safety and bioavailability in animal diets.

Fulvic acid is included as a functional additive to support nutrient absorption and gut health, aligning with consumer demand for holistic and wellness-focused pet foods. Its presence also serves as a marketing differentiator, appealing to pet owners seeking advanced or natural supplementation.

Cinnamomum Verum, True Cinnamon, Ceylon Cinnamon, Cinnamomum Zeylanicum

Cinnamon is a spice derived from the inner bark of Cinnamomum trees, making it a plant-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its natural antioxidant properties, which help support overall health and wellbeing. Cinnamon is used in its natural, ground form rather than as an extract or synthetic compound, ensuring pets benefit from its inherent phytonutrients and aromatic qualities.

Cinnamon is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to pet owners seeking natural or holistic additives. It may also be used for its potential antioxidant properties, though its functional impact on pet health is minimal at typical inclusion rates.

Piper Nigrum, Peppercorn, Piper Nigrum Fruit, Piper Nigrum Extract

Black pepper is a spice derived from the dried fruit of the Piper nigrum plant. Sourced from a botanical origin, it is primarily included in pet food to enhance flavour and may support nutrient absorption. Black pepper is used in its natural, ground form rather than as an extract or isolated compound, ensuring its functional properties are retained in the finished product.

Black pepper is included primarily as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to consumers seeking natural or recognisable components. It may also serve a minor functional role in enhancing palatability or supporting the perceived health benefits of the product.