i/d Chicken and Vegetable Wet Dog Food

Aqua, Purified Water, Distilled Water, Deionised Water

Water is a vital ingredient sourced from natural origins and is essential for all living organisms. In pet food, water serves primarily to hydrate, aid in ingredient processing, and ensure proper texture and palatability. It is used in its natural, purified form, not chemically altered, to optimise moisture content and support the overall health and wellbeing of pets.

Water is included as a processing aid to facilitate mixing and extrusion during manufacturing. It also helps achieve the desired texture and moisture content in the final product.

Gallus Gallus Domesticus, Poultry Meat, Domestic Fowl, Broiler Meat

Chicken is a high-quality animal protein sourced from poultry, commonly used in pet foods for its rich amino acid profile and palatability. It provides essential nutrients to support muscle maintenance and overall health. In premium pet foods, chicken is typically included in its natural, whole form, ensuring optimal nutrient availability and digestibility for pets.

Chicken is included as a primary animal protein source to meet nutritional requirements and enhance palatability for pets. Its recognisable presence on the label also appeals to consumers seeking high-quality, meat-based ingredients.

Sus Scrofa Domesticus Liver, Swine Liver, Pig Liver, Porcine Liver

Pork liver is an animal-derived organ meat sourced from pigs. It is included in pet food primarily for its rich content of highly bioavailable protein, essential vitamins (notably vitamin A), and minerals such as iron and zinc. Pork liver is used in its natural, whole food form, providing a concentrated source of nutrients to support overall health and vitality in pets.

Pork liver is included as a nutrient-dense organ meat to provide essential vitamins, minerals, and high-quality protein, supporting the nutritional profile of the product. Its strong flavour also enhances palatability, encouraging consumption by pets.

Daucus Carota, Daucus Carota Root, Daucus Carota Sativa, Wild Carrot

Carrot is a root vegetable of plant origin, widely recognised for its vibrant orange colour and natural sweetness. In pet food, carrot is included in its natural, whole form to provide dietary fibre, beta-carotene (a precursor to vitamin A), and antioxidants. Its primary benefit is supporting digestive health and immune function, while also contributing to overall palatability and nutritional diversity.

Carrot is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to consumers seeking recognisable, natural components and to enhance the product’s perceived nutritional value. It may also provide a modest source of fibre and vitamins, supporting marketing claims of added health benefits.

Oryza Sativa Starch, E1420, Modified Rice Starch, Oryza Spp. Starch

Rice starch is a carbohydrate ingredient derived from the endosperm of rice grains (plant origin). It is primarily used as a natural thickener and binder in pet food, supporting texture and digestibility. Rice starch is incorporated in its refined form, not as whole rice, to optimise its functional properties and ensure consistent quality in the final product.

Rice starch is included as a cost-effective carbohydrate source and bulking agent, helping to optimise product texture and consistency. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking recognisable components in pet food.

Oryza Sativa, Paddy, Oryza Sativa Grain, Oryza Spp.

Rice is a cereal grain derived from the seeds of the Oryza sativa plant, making it a plant-based ingredient. It serves primarily as a highly digestible source of carbohydrates, providing energy for pets. In pet food, rice is typically used in its natural, whole or milled form, rather than as a processed extract, to optimise digestibility and nutrient availability.

Rice is included as a cost-effective carbohydrate source that provides energy and helps create a desirable texture in pet food. It is also easily digestible, making it suitable for sensitive digestive systems and appealing for marketing as a familiar, label-friendly ingredient.

Solanum Tuberosum Starch, E1401, Native Potato Starch, Potato Flour

Potato starch is a carbohydrate extracted from the tubers of the potato plant (Solanum tuberosum), a plant-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food as a source of easily digestible energy and to improve texture and binding. Potato starch is utilised in its processed, purified form rather than as whole potatoes, ensuring consistency and digestibility in the final product.

Potato starch is included as a cost-effective carbohydrate source and bulk-adding agent, helping to optimise product texture and binding. It also contributes to a label-friendly formulation that appeals to consumers seeking grain-free options.

Hydrolysed Chicken Extract, Hydrolysed Chicken Protein, Hydrolysed Gallus Gallus Domesticus Flavour, Hydrolysed Poultry Flavour

Hydrolysed chicken flavour is a functional ingredient derived from animal sources, specifically chicken proteins that have been broken down into smaller peptides through hydrolysis. Its primary purpose is to enhance palatability, making pet food more appealing. This ingredient is not used in its natural whole form; instead, it is utilised as a hydrolysed compound to optimise digestibility and reduce allergenic potential.

Hydrolysed chicken flavour is included as a palatability enhancer to improve the taste and aroma of the product, encouraging dogs to consume the food. It also allows manufacturers to label the product as containing chicken-derived ingredients without significantly increasing production costs.

Glucose, D-Glucose, E1400, Corn Sugar

Dextrose is a simple sugar derived from plant sources, typically corn or wheat. It serves as a readily digestible carbohydrate, providing a quick source of energy for pets. In pet food, dextrose is utilised in its refined, powdered form rather than as a whole food. This ensures rapid absorption and consistent quality, supporting energy needs and palatability in premium formulations.

Dextrose is included as a cost-effective carbohydrate source that provides quick energy and can enhance palatability for pets. It may also serve functional roles in processing, such as aiding in ingredient blending or improving product texture.

Albumen, Dried Albumen, Liquid Albumen, Gallus Gallus Domesticus Albumen

Egg white is the clear, protein-rich component of an egg, derived from animal origin, specifically poultry. It is primarily included in pet food for its high-quality, easily digestible protein, supporting muscle maintenance and repair. Egg white is used in its natural, whole food form, providing essential amino acids without added fats or cholesterol, making it a premium protein source for pets.

Egg white is included as a high-quality, easily digestible protein source to support muscle maintenance and development in pets. Its presence can also enhance the product’s nutritional profile and appeal to consumers seeking recognisable, label-friendly ingredients.

Alginic Acid Potassium Salt, E402, Potassium Salt of Alginic Acid, Alginatium K

Potassium alginate is a plant-derived ingredient extracted from brown seaweed. It serves primarily as a natural thickener and stabiliser in pet food, helping to improve texture and moisture retention. Potassium alginate is not used in its raw seaweed form; instead, it is utilised as a refined salt to ensure consistency, safety, and optimal functionality in formulated diets.

Potassium alginate is included as a stabilising and thickening agent to improve the texture and consistency of pet food products. It also helps maintain product integrity during processing and storage, supporting shelf life and quality.

Glycine Max Oil, E322, Soya Oil, Soya Bean Oil

Soybean oil is a plant-derived oil extracted from the seeds of the soybean (Glycine max). It serves as a concentrated source of energy and provides essential fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid, which supports skin and coat health in pets. Soybean oil is utilised in its refined liquid form, not as whole soybeans, to optimise digestibility and nutrient availability in pet food formulations.

Soybean oil is included as a cost-effective source of fat and essential fatty acids, supporting energy density and skin and coat health in pet food. It also contributes to product texture and palatability while helping to optimise manufacturing costs.

Pecan Shell Powder, Carya Illinoinensis Shell, Pecan Husk Powder, Pecan Shell Fibre

Ground pecan shell is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the outer shell of pecan nuts. It is primarily included in pet food as a natural fibre source to support digestive health and promote regular bowel movements. Ground pecan shell is used in its natural, finely milled form, providing a safe and effective means of increasing dietary fibre content in premium pet food formulations.

Ground pecan shell is included as a cost-effective fibre source to aid in stool quality and provide bulk to the product. It may also serve as a natural abrasive to support dental health in some formulations.

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Brewer’s Yeast, Deactivated Yeast, Spent Yeast

Dried brewers yeast is a deactivated yeast derived from the fermentation of cereals, typically barley, during beer production, making it an ingredient of microbial origin. It is primarily included in pet food for its rich content of B vitamins, amino acids, and antioxidants, supporting overall health. Dried brewers yeast is used in its inactivated, dried form, not as a live or raw yeast.

Dried brewers yeast is included as a cost-effective source of protein and B vitamins, supporting nutritional labelling claims. It may also enhance palatability, encouraging pets to consume the product.

Sucrose, Saccharose, E955, Beta-D-Fructofuranosyl Alpha-D-Glucopyranoside

Sugar is a simple carbohydrate derived primarily from plant sources such as sugar cane or sugar beet. It serves as a readily available energy source, supporting metabolic processes and palatability in pet foods. Sugar is incorporated in its natural, refined form rather than as a raw plant material, ensuring consistency and digestibility for pets while enhancing the taste of the final product.

Sugar is included as a cost-effective palatability enhancer to improve taste and encourage consumption. It may also serve as a minor preservative to help stabilise certain formulations.

E509, Anhydrous Calcium Dichloride, Calcium Dichloride, Dihydrate Calcium Dichloride

Calcium chloride is a mineral-derived compound commonly included in pet food formulations. Sourced from natural calcium and chlorine, it is not used in its raw or metallic state but is instead utilised as a salt (calcium chloride) to ensure safety and optimal absorption. Its primary purpose is to provide a bioavailable source of calcium, supporting healthy bones, teeth, and essential metabolic functions in pets.

Calcium chloride is included as a mineral supplement to provide a bioavailable source of calcium, supporting nutritional balance in the formulation. It may also function as a firming agent to optimise product texture and stability.

Flaxseed, Linum Usitatissimum, Flax, Flaxseed Oil

Linseed, also known as flaxseed, is a plant-derived ingredient sourced from the seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum). It is primarily included in pet food for its high content of omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fibre, supporting skin health and digestion. Linseed is used in its natural, whole or ground form to optimise nutrient availability and functional benefits.

Linseed is included as a source of omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fibre, supporting skin and coat health as well as digestive function. Its presence also allows manufacturers to market the product as containing plant-based nutrients and functional ingredients.

Beet Fibre, Beet Fiber, Beta Vulgaris Pulp, Beta Vulgaris Fibre

Dried beet pulp is a fibrous by-product derived from sugar beet plants after sugar extraction. As a plant-based ingredient, it serves primarily as a source of fermentable fibre, supporting digestive health and stool quality in pets. Dried beet pulp is used in its processed, dried form rather than as fresh beet, optimising its digestibility and functional benefits in pet food formulations.

Dried beet pulp is included as a cost-effective source of dietary fibre to promote digestive health and stool quality in pets. It also serves as a bulk-adding agent, helping to optimise the texture and consistency of the final product.

L-Lysine, 2,6-Diaminohexanoic Acid, E640, L-2,6-Diaminohexanoic Acid

Lysine is an essential amino acid derived from animal or plant protein sources. It plays a critical role in protein synthesis, supporting muscle development and immune function in pets. Lysine cannot be produced by the body and must be supplied through the diet. It is not used in its raw form but is typically included as a purified amino acid to optimise bioavailability and nutritional balance.

Lysine is included as an essential amino acid to ensure the pet food meets the complete nutritional requirements for dogs, supporting healthy growth and maintenance. Its addition allows manufacturers to optimise protein quality, especially when using plant-based or mixed protein sources.

Citrus Pulp, Citrus Pulp Meal, Citrus Residue, Citrus Spp. Pulp

Dried citrus pulp is a plant-derived ingredient produced from the residual pulp of citrus fruits after juice extraction. It serves primarily as a source of dietary fibre and fermentable carbohydrates, supporting digestive health and beneficial gut bacteria in pets. Dried citrus pulp is utilised in its processed, dried form rather than as fresh fruit, ensuring stability, palatability, and consistent nutrient content in pet food formulations.

Dried citrus pulp is included as a cost-effective source of dietary fibre and energy, supporting digestive health and stool quality. It also serves as a bulk-adding agent, helping to optimise production costs while maintaining product texture.

Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba Gum, E412, Guaran, Guar Flour

Guar gum is a natural polysaccharide derived from the seeds of the guar plant (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), a legume native to India and Pakistan. It is primarily used as a thickening and stabilising agent in pet food, helping to improve texture and moisture retention. Guar gum is utilised in its processed powder form, not as whole seeds, to ensure optimal functionality and digestibility.

Guar gum is included as a cost-effective thickening and stabilising agent to improve the texture and consistency of pet food products. It also helps maintain product uniformity during storage and extends shelf life.

Tripotassium Citrate, E332, Tripotassium Salt Of Citric Acid, Citric Acid Tripotassium Salt

Potassium citrate is a mineral-derived compound formed by combining potassium with citric acid. Sourced from mineral origins, it is utilised in pet food as a citrate salt rather than in its raw metallic state, ensuring safety and optimal absorption. Its primary function is to support urinary health by helping to regulate urine pH and reduce the risk of urinary stone formation.

Potassium citrate is included as a functional ingredient to help maintain urinary health by reducing the risk of stone formation in pets. It may also serve as a source of potassium, supporting overall electrolyte balance in the formulation.

Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate, Dibasic Calcium Phosphate, E341(ii), Calcium Phosphate Dibasic

Dicalcium phosphate is a mineral compound derived from calcium and phosphorus, commonly sourced from phosphate rock. It serves as a key dietary supplement in pet foods, providing essential calcium and phosphorus to support healthy bones and teeth. Dicalcium phosphate is not used in its natural raw or metallic state; instead, it is utilised in its purified compound form to ensure safety and optimal absorption.

Dicalcium phosphate is included as a cost-effective mineral supplement to provide essential calcium and phosphorus for skeletal health. It also serves as a functional agent to improve product texture and processing stability.

Fish Liver Oil, Oleum Piscis, Oleum Jecoris, Oleum Piscarium

Fish oil is a nutrient-rich oil derived from the tissues of oily fish, making it an animal-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its high content of omega-3 fatty acids, which support skin, coat, and joint health. Fish oil is utilised in a purified, liquid form rather than as whole fish, ensuring optimal absorption and safety for pets.

Fish oil is included as a source of omega-3 fatty acids to support skin, coat, and joint health, enhancing the nutritional profile of the product. Its presence also serves as a marketing point, appealing to consumers seeking functional health benefits for their pets.

E327, Calcium 2-Hydroxypropanoate, Calcium Salt of Lactic Acid, Lactic Acid Calcium Salt

Calcium lactate is a compound derived from the reaction of lactic acid with calcium carbonate, making it a mineral-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food to provide a bioavailable source of calcium, supporting healthy bones and teeth. Calcium lactate is not used in its natural metallic state; instead, it is utilised as a safe, easily absorbed compound to optimise mineral nutrition.

Calcium lactate is included as a bioavailable source of calcium to support bone health and meet nutritional requirements. It also functions as a firming agent and can help optimise product texture and stability.

Calcium D-Gluconate, E578, Gluconic Acid Calcium Salt, Calcium Gluconicum

Calcium gluconate is a mineral-based compound derived from the reaction of calcium with gluconic acid. It is not used in its natural metallic state but is instead utilised as a safe, bioavailable salt to optimise calcium delivery in pet food. Its primary purpose is to support healthy bone development, muscle function, and overall metabolic processes in companion animals.

Calcium gluconate is included as a bioavailable source of calcium to support nutritional adequacy and meet labelling requirements for essential minerals. It is also valued for its solubility and stability, ensuring consistent calcium delivery throughout the product’s shelf life.

Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate, E339(i), Monosodium Dihydrogen Orthophosphate, Sodium Phosphate Monobasic

Monosodium phosphate is a mineral-derived compound produced by combining sodium and phosphate. It is not used in its natural raw or metallic state; instead, it is utilised as a purified salt to ensure safety and optimal absorption. Its primary purpose in pet food is to provide a readily available source of phosphorus, supporting healthy bone development and metabolic functions.

Monosodium phosphate is included as a functional mineral additive to regulate acidity and optimise the pH balance of pet food formulations. It also acts as a source of phosphorus, supporting nutritional labelling requirements.

Pentapotassium Triphosphate, STPP, E451(i), Triphosphoric Acid Pentasodium Salt

Sodium tripolyphosphate is a synthetic compound derived from inorganic sources, commonly used in pet food formulations. Its primary function is to act as a preservative and to help maintain the texture and moisture of products. Sodium tripolyphosphate is not used in its natural mineral form; instead, it is utilised as a processed salt to ensure safety, stability, and optimal absorption.

Sodium tripolyphosphate is included as a functional additive to improve product texture and moisture retention, helping maintain palatability and appearance. It also acts as a preservative to extend shelf life and inhibit spoilage.

Tocopherol, Alpha-Tocopherol, E307, D-Alpha-Tocopherol

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin derived from plant sources such as vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. It functions primarily as an antioxidant, helping to protect cell membranes from oxidative damage and supporting immune health. In pet food, Vitamin E is not used in its natural raw form but is typically utilised as a stabilised compound, such as tocopherol acetate, to optimise safety and absorption.

Vitamin E is included as a natural antioxidant to help preserve the freshness and stability of fats and oils in the product, thereby extending shelf life. It also serves as a label-friendly nutrient that appeals to consumers seeking added health benefits for their pets.

Vitamin B1 Mononitrate, Nitrate Salt of Thiamine, E101a, Thiamin Mononitrate

Thiamine mononitrate is a synthetic, water-soluble form of vitamin B1, derived from chemical synthesis rather than natural sources. It is added to pet food to support energy metabolism and proper nervous system function. Thiamine is not used in its natural state; instead, the mononitrate compound is utilised for stability, safety, and optimal absorption in formulated diets.

Thiamine mononitrate is included as a stable, cost-effective source of vitamin B1 to meet nutritional requirements and ensure product labelling compliance. Its synthetic form maintains potency during processing and storage, supporting both product stability and regulatory standards.

L-Ascorbyl Polyphosphate, Ascorbic Acid Polyphosphate, Polyphosphate Ester of Ascorbic Acid, E304

Ascorbyl polyphosphate is a synthesised compound derived from vitamin C (ascorbic acid), typically of plant origin. It serves as a stable source of vitamin C, supporting immune function and acting as an antioxidant in pet food. Ascorbyl polyphosphate is not used in its natural form; instead, it is utilised as a phosphate-bound compound to optimise stability and bioavailability.

Ascorbyl polyphosphate is included as a stable, cost-effective source of vitamin C that resists degradation during processing and storage. Its use helps manufacturers ensure consistent nutrient labelling and extend the shelf life of the finished product.

Nicotinic Acid, Vitamin B3, Pyridine-3-Carboxylic Acid, E375

Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin of synthetic or natural origin, commonly derived from plant or animal sources. It plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and supports healthy skin, nerves, and digestion in pets. Niacin is not used in its raw form but is typically included as a safe, bioavailable compound such as niacinamide or nicotinic acid.

Niacin is included as an essential B vitamin to meet nutritional requirements and support metabolic health in pets. Its addition ensures compliance with regulatory standards for complete and balanced pet food labelling.

D-Calcium Pantothenate, E315, Pantothenic Acid Calcium Salt, Calcium D-Pantothenate

Calcium pantothenate is a synthetic compound derived from pantothenic acid, a water-soluble B vitamin (vitamin B5) of plant or animal origin. It is primarily included in pet food to support energy metabolism and maintain healthy skin and coat. Rather than using pantothenic acid in its natural form, calcium pantothenate is utilised for its stability, safety, and enhanced bioavailability in pet nutrition.

Calcium pantothenate is included as a stable, bioavailable source of vitamin B5 to meet nutritional requirements and support labelling claims of complete and balanced nutrition. Its use ensures consistent vitamin content throughout the product’s shelf life.

Cobalamin, Cyanocobalamin, Hydroxocobalamin, Methylcobalamin

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin of animal origin, essential for nerve function and red blood cell formation in pets. It is primarily included in pet food to support energy metabolism and overall vitality. Vitamin B12 is not used in its natural, raw form but is instead utilised as a specific compound, such as cyanocobalamin, to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption.

Vitamin B12 is included as an essential nutrient to support metabolic and neurological functions in pets, ensuring the product meets established nutritional standards. Its addition helps manufacturers achieve complete and balanced labelling claims.

Vitamin B6, E300, Pyridoxine HCl, Pyridoxine Monohydrochloride

Pyridoxine hydrochloride is a synthetic, water-soluble form of vitamin B6, derived from chemical synthesis rather than natural sources. It is added to pet foods to support protein metabolism, nervous system health, and immune function. Unlike naturally occurring vitamin B6 in foods, pyridoxine is utilised in its hydrochloride salt form to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption in companion animals.

Pyridoxine hydrochloride is included as a cost-effective, stable source of vitamin B6 to ensure nutritional adequacy and meet regulatory labelling requirements. Its addition helps manufacturers guarantee consistent vitamin content throughout the product’s shelf life.

Vitamin B7, Vitamin H, D-Biotin, Coenzyme R

Biotin is a water-soluble B-vitamin (vitamin B7) of synthetic origin, commonly included in pet foods to support healthy skin, coat, and metabolic function. Its primary benefit is aiding in the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Biotin is not used in its natural, free form but is instead utilised as a stable, bioavailable compound to optimise absorption and efficacy in pets.

Biotin is included as an essential vitamin to support skin, coat, and metabolic health in pets, fulfilling nutritional requirements for complete and balanced diets. Its addition also allows manufacturers to highlight the inclusion of key micronutrients on product labelling, appealing to health-conscious consumers.

Vitamin B2, E101, Lactoflavin, 7,8-Dimethyl-10-Ribityl Isoalloxazine

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a water-soluble vitamin of synthetic origin commonly added to pet foods. It plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and supports healthy skin, eyes, and nervous system function. Riboflavin is not used in its natural form but is typically utilised as a synthesised compound to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption in pet diets.

Riboflavin is included as an essential vitamin to meet nutritional requirements and ensure regulatory compliance for complete and balanced pet food labelling. Its addition helps optimise the product’s nutrient profile without significantly impacting cost or palatability.

Vitamin K3, Menadione Sodium Bisulphite, MSBC, E223

Menadione Sodium Bisulphite Complex is a synthetic compound derived from vitamin K, specifically used as a source of vitamin K3 in pet foods. Its primary purpose is to support normal blood clotting and bone health. Unlike natural vitamin K found in plants or animal tissues, this ingredient is not used in its raw form but is utilised as a stable, water-soluble compound to optimise absorption and safety.

Menadione Sodium Bisulphite Complex is included as a cost-effective, stable source of synthetic vitamin K to ensure consistent nutrient levels in the final product. Its use helps manufacturers meet nutritional requirements without relying on less stable or more expensive natural alternatives.

Pteroylmonoglutamic Acid, Pteroylglutamic Acid, Vitamin B9, E920

Folic acid is a synthetic form of vitamin B9, originally derived from plant sources but produced for pet food as a stable, bioavailable compound. Its primary purpose is to support cell division, DNA synthesis, and overall growth in pets. Folic acid is not used in its natural state; instead, it is utilised as a manufactured supplement to optimise absorption and efficacy.

Folic acid is included as a synthetic vitamin to ensure nutritional adequacy and meet regulatory requirements for B-vitamin content in pet food. Its addition helps standardise nutrient levels across batches, supporting consistent product labelling and animal health.

Cholecalciferol, Colecalciferol, Calciol, E671

Vitamin D3, also known as cholecalciferol, is a fat-soluble vitamin of animal origin commonly derived from lanolin or fish oil. It plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, supporting healthy bone development in pets. Vitamin D3 is not used in its natural form but is instead utilised as a stabilised compound to ensure safety, efficacy, and optimal absorption in pet food formulations.

Vitamin D3 is included to ensure the finished product meets established nutritional requirements for canine health, supporting bone development and calcium regulation. Its addition allows manufacturers to guarantee consistent vitamin content regardless of natural variation in raw materials.

Trimethylethanolamine Chloride, Choline Monochloride, E1001, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-Trimethylethanaminium Chloride

Choline chloride is a synthetic compound derived from choline, an essential nutrient typically sourced from plant or animal origins. It is primarily included in pet food to support healthy brain function, liver metabolism, and cellular structure. Choline is not used in its natural state; instead, it is utilised as choline chloride to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption in pet diets.

Choline chloride is included as an essential nutrient to support normal liver function and brain health in pets. It is a cost-effective way to meet regulatory requirements for choline content in complete and balanced pet foods.

Cranberry Juice, Vaccinium Macrocarpon Juice, Vaccinium Macrocarpon Extract, Cranberry Extract

Pressed cranberry is a fruit ingredient derived from whole cranberries, a plant source known for their rich antioxidant content. It is included in pet food primarily to support urinary tract health and provide natural antioxidants. Pressed cranberry is used in its natural, whole-food form, ensuring pets benefit from its full spectrum of nutrients and bioactive compounds.

Pressed cranberry is included as a natural source of antioxidants and to enhance the product’s marketing appeal by highlighting fruit content. It may also contribute to urinary tract health claims, supporting a premium positioning in the pet food market.

L-Threonine, 2-Amino-3-Hydroxybutyric Acid, (2S,3R)-2-Amino-3-Hydroxybutanoic Acid, E641

Threonine is an essential amino acid derived from animal or plant protein sources. It plays a critical role in protein synthesis, immune function, and gut health in pets. Threonine is not used in its raw, isolated form; instead, it is incorporated as a purified amino acid compound to optimise safety, stability, and bioavailability in premium pet food formulations.

Threonine is included as an essential amino acid to support protein synthesis and overall health in pets, ensuring the product meets established nutritional standards. Its addition allows manufacturers to optimise amino acid profiles, particularly in formulations where animal protein content may be lower.

Magnesia, E530, Magnesium(II) Oxide, Calcined Magnesia

Magnesium oxide is an inorganic compound derived from the mineral magnesium, typically sourced from natural deposits. It is utilised in pet food as a supplemental source of magnesium, an essential mineral that supports nerve, muscle, and bone health. Rather than its raw metallic form, magnesium is provided as magnesium oxide to optimise safety, stability, and bioavailability for pets.

Magnesium oxide is included as a cost-effective mineral supplement to ensure adequate magnesium levels in the diet, supporting essential metabolic functions. Its use allows manufacturers to meet nutritional requirements efficiently without significantly impacting product cost or palatability.

2-Aminoethanesulphonic Acid, L-Taurine, E107, 2-Aminoethane-1-Sulphonic Acid

Taurine is a naturally occurring amino sulfonic acid derived from animal sources, particularly meat and fish. It is added to pet food to support cardiovascular health, vision, and proper immune function, especially in cats who cannot synthesise it sufficiently. Taurine is not used in its raw form; instead, it is incorporated as a purified, synthesised compound to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption.

Taurine is included to ensure adequate levels of this essential amino acid, particularly in diets where animal protein content may be insufficient to meet canine or feline nutritional requirements. Its addition supports cardiovascular health and is often used to address consumer concerns about diet-associated heart issues.

Iron(II) Sulphate, Ferrous Iron Sulphate, E172, Green Vitriol

Ferrous sulphate is an inorganic compound derived from iron, an essential mineral for animal health. It is primarily included in pet food to support normal red blood cell formation and prevent iron deficiency anaemia. Ferrous sulphate is not used in its natural metallic state; instead, it is utilised as a salt to optimise safety, stability, and absorption within the animal’s body.

Ferrous sulphate is included as a cost-effective source of dietary iron to meet nutritional requirements in pet food formulations. It helps ensure the product delivers essential minerals for pet health while maintaining compliance with labelling standards.

Zinc White, CI 77947, Calamine, Chinese White

Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound derived from the mineral zinc, commonly used in pet food as a supplemental source of the essential trace mineral zinc. Its primary benefit is to support immune function, skin health, and enzyme activity. Zinc is not used in its natural metallic state; instead, it is utilised as zinc oxide to optimise safety, stability, and bioavailability in pet nutrition.

Zinc oxide is included as a cost-effective and stable source of essential zinc, supporting nutritional adequacy in pet food formulations. Its use ensures compliance with regulatory requirements for trace minerals while maintaining product shelf stability.

Cupric Sulphate, Blue Vitriol, Roman Vitriol, E519

Copper sulphate is an inorganic compound derived from copper, an essential trace mineral. It is primarily included in pet food to support vital physiological functions such as enzyme activity, immune health, and connective tissue formation. Copper sulphate is not used in its natural metallic state; instead, it is utilised as a salt to optimise safety, stability, and bioavailability for animal nutrition.

Copper sulphate is included as a cost-effective and reliable source of essential copper, a trace mineral necessary for canine health. Its use ensures precise nutrient formulation and supports compliance with nutritional labelling standards.

Manganese(II) Sulphate, Manganous Sulphate, Epsomite (Manganese), Sulphuric Acid Manganese(2+) Salt

Manganese sulphate is an inorganic compound derived from the mineral manganese, typically sourced from mined ores. It is included in pet food as an essential trace mineral to support bone development, enzyme function, and metabolic processes. Rather than using raw metallic manganese, the sulphate form is utilised to ensure safety, stability, and optimal absorption in companion animals’ diets.

Manganese sulphate is included as a cost-effective source of the essential trace mineral manganese, which supports metabolic and skeletal health in pets. Its addition ensures nutritional adequacy and compliance with regulatory labelling requirements for complete and balanced pet foods.

Calcium Diiodate, E917, Ca(IO3)2, Calcium Iodate Anhydrous

Calcium iodate is a mineral-derived compound commonly included in pet foods as a source of iodine, an essential trace element. It is not used in its natural, raw mineral state; instead, it is utilised in the form of a stable, food-grade compound to ensure safety and optimal absorption. Its primary purpose is to support healthy thyroid function and metabolic processes.

Calcium iodate is included as a stable, bioavailable source of iodine to support thyroid function and overall metabolic health in pets. Its use ensures consistent iodine content throughout the product, optimising nutritional labelling and regulatory compliance.