Zen and Relax Duck Dog Treats

Duck is a high-quality animal protein sourced from domesticated or wild waterfowl. It provides essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals that support muscle development and overall health in pets. Duck is primarily included for its rich protein content and palatability. In pet food, duck is used in its natural, whole form, ensuring optimal nutrient availability and digestibility for companion animals.

Duck is included as a novel animal protein source to provide essential amino acids and support marketing claims for hypoallergenic or limited-ingredient diets. Its use can also differentiate products in the premium segment and appeal to consumers seeking alternative proteins for their pets.

Sweet potato is a root vegetable of plant origin, valued for its rich content of complex carbohydrates, dietary fibre, and essential micronutrients such as vitamin A. In pet food, sweet potato serves primarily as a digestible energy source and supports digestive health. It is incorporated in its natural, whole form, ensuring optimal nutrient retention and palatability for companion animals.

Sweet potato is included as a cost-effective, highly digestible carbohydrate source that provides energy and dietary fibre. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient appealing to consumers seeking natural, whole-food components in pet food.

Pea protein is a plant-derived ingredient extracted from yellow peas (Pisum sativum). It serves as a concentrated source of protein, supporting muscle maintenance and overall health in pets. Rather than using whole peas, pea protein is utilised in its isolated form to maximise protein content and digestibility. This functional ingredient is valued for its hypoallergenic properties and amino acid profile.

Pea protein is included as a cost-effective, plant-based protein source to boost overall protein content and support product labelling claims. It also serves as a functional ingredient to improve kibble texture and binding.

Dextrose is a simple sugar derived from plant sources, typically corn or wheat. It serves as a readily digestible carbohydrate, providing a quick source of energy for pets. In pet food, dextrose is utilised in its refined, powdered form rather than as a whole food. This ensures rapid absorption and consistent quality, supporting energy needs and palatability in premium formulations.

Dextrose is included as a cost-effective carbohydrate source that provides quick energy and can enhance palatability for pets. It may also serve functional roles in processing, such as aiding in ingredient blending or improving product texture.

A humectant is a functional ingredient commonly derived from plant or synthetic sources. Its primary purpose in pet food is to retain moisture, helping to maintain product texture and palatability while preventing spoilage. Humectants are not used in their natural raw state; instead, they are utilised in specific, food-grade forms such as glycerine or propylene glycol to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Humectants are included to retain moisture in pet food products, helping to maintain texture and prevent drying during storage. This functional ingredient also contributes to extending shelf life by reducing water activity and inhibiting microbial growth.

Sea salt is a mineral ingredient derived from the evaporation of seawater. It is primarily included in pet food to provide essential electrolytes, such as sodium and chloride, which support hydration and nerve function. Sea salt is not used in its raw crystalline form but is refined and utilised as a food-grade compound to ensure safety, palatability, and optimal nutrient absorption.

Sea salt is included as a palatability enhancer to improve flavour and encourage pet consumption. It may also function as a mineral source and assist in product preservation.

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin of plant origin commonly included in pet food formulations. Its primary purpose is to support immune function and act as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from oxidative damage. Vitamin C is not used in its natural fruit form but is instead utilised as a synthesised compound to ensure stability and consistent dosage.

Vitamin C is included as an antioxidant to help preserve the freshness and stability of the product by slowing oxidation. It may also be added for its perceived health benefits, supporting marketing claims related to immune support.

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin derived from plant sources such as vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. It functions primarily as an antioxidant, helping to protect cell membranes from oxidative damage and supporting immune health. In pet food, Vitamin E is not used in its natural raw form but is typically utilised as a stabilised compound, such as tocopherol acetate, to optimise safety and absorption.

Vitamin E is included as a natural antioxidant to help preserve the freshness and stability of fats and oils in the product, thereby extending shelf life. It also serves as a label-friendly nutrient that appeals to consumers seeking added health benefits for their pets.

Minerals are essential inorganic nutrients derived from the earth, not produced by animals or plants. They play a critical role in supporting various physiological functions, such as bone development, nerve transmission, and enzyme activity. In pet food, minerals are not used in their natural raw or metallic state; instead, they are incorporated as specific compounds (such as sulphates or chelates) to optimise safety and bioavailability.

Minerals are included to meet essential nutritional requirements for pets, supporting overall health and proper bodily functions. They are often added in precise amounts to ensure the product complies with regulatory standards and nutrient profiles.

Vegetable oil is a plant-derived fat extracted from various seeds or fruits, such as sunflower, canola, or soybean. It serves primarily as an energy source and supports the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins in pet food. Vegetable oil is used in its refined, edible form rather than as raw plant material, ensuring safety, palatability, and optimal nutrient availability for pets.

Vegetable oil is included as a cost-effective source of dietary fat and energy, supporting palatability and contributing to the texture of the final product. It may also be used to deliver essential fatty acids and improve the appearance of the kibble.

Linseed oil, derived from the seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum), is a plant-based ingredient valued for its high content of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which supports skin and coat health in pets. In pet food, linseed oil is utilised in its natural, cold-pressed form to optimise nutrient retention and bioavailability.

Linseed oil is included as a source of omega-3 fatty acids to support skin and coat health, providing a plant-based alternative to fish oils. Its presence also allows manufacturers to market the product as containing beneficial oils for overall wellbeing.

Fish oil is a nutrient-rich oil derived from the tissues of oily fish, making it an animal-based ingredient. It is primarily included in pet food for its high content of omega-3 fatty acids, which support skin, coat, and joint health. Fish oil is utilised in a purified, liquid form rather than as whole fish, ensuring optimal absorption and safety for pets.

Fish oil is included as a source of omega-3 fatty acids to support skin, coat, and joint health, enhancing the nutritional profile of the product. Its presence also serves as a marketing point, appealing to consumers seeking functional health benefits for their pets.

Alfalfa is a nutrient-rich plant ingredient derived from the Medicago sativa species, commonly used in premium pet foods. It serves as a natural source of dietary fibre, vitamins, and minerals, supporting digestive health and overall wellbeing. Alfalfa is included in its natural, dried form, ensuring pets benefit from its full spectrum of nutrients without synthetic alteration.

Alfalfa is included as a cost-effective source of plant protein, fibre, and micronutrients, contributing to the nutritional profile of the product. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking natural or wholesome additions in pet food.

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid derived from animal or plant protein sources. It plays a crucial role in pet nutrition by supporting protein synthesis and serving as a precursor for serotonin, which influences mood and behaviour. Tryptophan is not used in its isolated, natural form but is instead incorporated as a purified amino acid to optimise dietary balance and bioavailability in pet food formulations.

Tryptophan is included as an essential amino acid to support complete and balanced nutrition, meeting regulatory requirements for canine dietary adequacy. Its addition ensures the product can be marketed as providing all necessary amino acids for dogs’ health.

Chicory extract is derived from the root of the chicory plant (Cichorium intybus), a perennial herb native to Europe and cultivated in Australia. It is primarily included in pet food as a source of inulin, a prebiotic fibre that supports digestive health and beneficial gut bacteria. Chicory extract is utilised in a processed, concentrated form rather than as the whole root.

Chicory extract is included as a source of inulin, a prebiotic fibre that supports digestive health and can promote beneficial gut bacteria. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to health-conscious consumers.

Prebiotics are non-digestible fibres derived primarily from plant sources such as chicory root, beet pulp, or certain grains. Their main purpose is to nourish beneficial gut bacteria, supporting digestive health and immune function in pets. Prebiotics are utilised in their natural, whole-food form or as extracted fibre concentrates, ensuring optimal efficacy and safety for inclusion in premium pet food formulations.

Prebiotics are included to promote digestive health by supporting beneficial gut bacteria, which can enhance nutrient absorption and overall wellbeing in pets. Their addition also serves as a marketing differentiator, appealing to health-conscious consumers seeking functional benefits in pet food.

Probiotics are live microorganisms, typically derived from beneficial bacterial strains, that are added to pet food to support digestive health and maintain a balanced gut microbiome. Their primary function is to promote healthy digestion and enhance immune function. Probiotics are not used in their natural, raw state but are carefully cultured and stabilised to ensure viability and efficacy when incorporated into pet food formulations.

Probiotics are included to support digestive health and promote a balanced gut microbiome in pets, which can be a key marketing point for health-conscious consumers. Their addition also allows manufacturers to differentiate products in a competitive market by highlighting functional health benefits.

Yoghurt powder is a dairy-derived ingredient produced by dehydrating cultured yoghurt, originating from animal (milk) sources. It is primarily included in pet food for its probiotic content, supporting digestive health and immune function. Yoghurt powder is used in its processed, powdered form rather than as fresh yoghurt, ensuring stability, safety, and ease of incorporation into dry pet food formulations.

Yoghurt powder is included as a palatability enhancer and a source of probiotics, aiming to improve taste appeal and support digestive health claims. Its presence also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to health-conscious consumers.

Rosemary extract is a plant-derived ingredient obtained from the leaves of the rosemary herb (Rosmarinus officinalis). It is primarily included in pet food as a natural antioxidant, helping to preserve fats and oils and extend shelf life. Rosemary extract is used in its natural form, ensuring the retention of its beneficial compounds without chemical alteration.

Rosemary extract is included as a natural preservative to help extend shelf life by inhibiting oxidation of fats and oils. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking natural additives.

Methionine is an essential amino acid derived from animal or plant sources, crucial for protein synthesis and overall metabolic health in pets. It primarily supports healthy skin, coat, and liver function. Methionine is not used in its raw elemental form; instead, it is incorporated as a specific compound, such as DL-methionine, to optimise safety, stability, and bioavailability in pet food formulations.

Methionine is included as an essential amino acid to support protein synthesis and overall health in pets, particularly when animal protein sources are limited or variable. It also serves as a cost-effective way to meet nutritional requirements and optimise the amino acid profile of the final product.

Taurine is a naturally occurring amino sulfonic acid derived from animal sources, particularly meat and fish. It is added to pet food to support cardiovascular health, vision, and proper immune function, especially in cats who cannot synthesise it sufficiently. Taurine is not used in its raw form; instead, it is incorporated as a purified, synthesised compound to ensure stability, safety, and optimal absorption.

Taurine is included to ensure adequate levels of this essential amino acid, particularly in diets where animal protein content may be insufficient to meet canine or feline nutritional requirements. Its addition supports cardiovascular health and is often used to address consumer concerns about diet-associated heart issues.

Yucca extract is derived from the Yucca schidigera plant, a perennial native to arid regions of North America. Primarily included in pet food for its natural saponins, yucca extract helps reduce stool odour and supports digestive health. It is utilised in a processed extract form rather than as the whole plant, ensuring consistent potency and safety for animal consumption.

Yucca extract is included as a natural deodorising agent to reduce stool and urine odour, enhancing the perceived cleanliness of the pet and its environment. It also serves as a label-friendly ingredient that appeals to consumers seeking natural additives.

Chamomile is a flowering plant from the Asteraceae family, traditionally used for its calming properties. In pet food, chamomile is included primarily for its potential to support digestive health and reduce stress. It is used in its natural, dried whole-flower form, ensuring pets benefit from its bioactive compounds without synthetic alteration or extraction.

Chamomile is included as a label-friendly ingredient to appeal to pet owners seeking natural or calming additives, enhancing the product’s marketability. Its functional contribution to the pet food itself is typically minimal.